SAREF4AGRI: an extension of SAREF for the agriculture and food domain

Latest version:
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/
Permanent IRI for this version (v1.1.2)
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/v1.1.2/
ETSI Technical Specification
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10341006/01.01.02_60/ts_10341006v010102p.pdf
Sources on the SAREF Forge
https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref4agri/
Publication Date
2019-04-30
Last Modification Date
2020-06-05
Creators
Contributors
Ontology requirements and tests
requirements and tests
Prefix and namespace declaration:
Turtle: @prefix s4agri: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/> .
SPARQL: PREFIX s4agri: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/>
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Abstract

The present document has been developed in the context of the STF 534, an ETSI specialists task force that was established with the goal to extend SAREF [1] for the domains of Smart Cities, Smart Industry & Manufacturing, and Smart AgriFood (https://portal.etsi.org/STF/stfs/STFHomePages/STF534). In particular, the present document is a technical specification of SAREF4AGRI, an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF for the Smart Agriculture and Food Chain domain. The intention of SAREF4AGRI is to connect SAREF with existing ontologies (such as W3C SSN, W3C SOSA, GeoSPARQL, etc.) and important standardization initiatives and ontologies in the Smart Agriculture and Food Chain domain, including ICAR for livestock data (https://www.icar.org/), AEF for agricultural equipment (http://www.aef-online.org), Plant Ontology Consortium for plants (http://archive.plantontology.org), AgGateway for IT support for arable farming (http://www.aggateway.org/), as mentioned in the associated SAREF4AGRI requirements document ETSI TR 103 511 [i.2].

To show the potential of SAREF4AGRI, the present document focuses on two examples, which are the "livestock farming" and "smart irrigation" use cases. Various other examples exist in the Smart Agriculture and Food Chain domain, such as arable farming, horticulture, agricultural equipment, greenhouses and food chain, as mentioned in [i.2] (for an exhaustive list of use cases, see also the H2020 Large Scale Pilot "Internet of Food and Farm 2020 (IoF2020)" at https://iof2020.eu/trials). However, it was necessary to make actionable choices within the STF 534 timeframe and the available resources, thus livestock farming and smart irrigation have been chosen as the two initial examples to create SAREF4AGRI. As a next step, it is recommended to further refine the proposed livestock farming and smart irrigation examples to add relevant sensors that are not considered yet, and also consider additional use cases to create new releases of SAREF4AGRI, following and extending the examples provided in the present document. As all the SAREF ontologies, SAREF4AGRI is a dynamic semantic model that is meant to evolve over time. Therefore, the stakeholders in the AgriFood domain (starting from the ICAR, AEF and AgGateway initiatives) are invited to use, validate and provide feedback on SAREF4AGRI, collaborating with the SAREF ontology experts to improve and evolve SAREF4AGRI in an iterative and interactive manner, so that changes and additions can be incorporated in future releases of the present document.

The livestock farming and smart irrigation use cases used as basis to create SAREF4AGRI in the present document are concerned with the integration of multiple data sources for the purpose of providing decision support services located on the local "Farm Management System" of the farmers or provided by a service over the network. Multiple data sources of interest include GPS, meteorological data (both historic and current), remote observation (via satellite sources such as Copernicus) and local observation using near or proximal sensors. As an extension of SAREF, which is a semantic model for IoT that describes smart devices and applications in terms of their functions, services, states and measurements [1], SAREF4AGRI is concerned with the description of proximal sensors that measure a variety of relevant parameters for agriculture, including: (on animal) movement, temperature, etc., (in the soil) moisture/humidity, Ph value, salinity, compaction, (on plant) plant colour (NDVI), etc. The measurements from these sensors need to be integrated by a decision support service to enable the planning of (for example) a treatment plan for animals (in a livestock scenario), or a decision to irrigate or harvest (in an irrigation, horticulture or greenhouse context). The requirements used to create the SAREF4AGRI extension specified in the present document are described in the associated ETSI TR 103 511 [i.2].

The prefixes and namespaces used in SAREF4AGRI and in the present document are listed in the Namespace Declarations section

Introduction

General Overview

An overview of the SAREF4AGRI ontology is provided in Figure 1. For all the entities described in the present document, it is indicated whether they are defined in the SAREF4AGRI extension or elsewhere by the prefix included before their identifier, i.e. if the element is defined in SAREF4AGRI, the prefix is s4agri, while if the element is reused from another ontology it is indicated by a prefix according to Table 1.

Arrows are used to represent properties between classes and to represent some RDF, RDF-S and OWL constructs, more precisely:

  • Plain arrows with white triangles represent the rdfs:subClassOf relation between two classes. The origin of the arrow is the class to be declared as subclass of the class at the destination of the arrow.
  • Dashed arrows between two classes indicate a local restriction in the origin class, i.e. that the object property can be instantiated between the classes in the origin and the destination of the arrow. The identifier of the object property is indicated within the arrow.
  • Dashed arrows with identifiers between stereotype signs (i.e. "<< >>") refer to OWL constructs that are applied to some ontology elements, that is, they can be applied to classes or properties depending on the OWL construct being used.
  • Dashed arrows with no identifier are used to represent the rdf:type relation, indicating that the element in the origin of the arrow is an instance of the class in the destination of the arrow.

Datatype properties are denoted by rectangles attached to the classes, in an UML-oriented way. Dashed boxes represent local restrictions in the class, i.e. datatype properties that can be applied to the class they are attached to.

Individuals are denoted by rectangles in which the identifier is underlined.

Note that Figure 1 aims at showing a global overview of the main classes of SAREF4AGRI and their mutual relations.

SAREF4AGRI Overview
Figure 1: SAREF4AGRI overview

Platform, System and Deployment

The model defined in SAREF4AGRI for representing platforms, systems and deployments is depicted in Figure 2. The main entities in the modelling are represented by the ssn:System and ssn:Deployment classes. Note that the design patterns for modelling these concepts have been taken from the W3C SSN ontology and, as a best practice for reuse, the SAREF4AGRI model refers directly to the URIs of the SSN (http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/) and SOSA (http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/) ontologies.

The ssn:System class in the SSN ontology represents a system and is components as specific devices, actuators or sensors. Moreover, the ssn:Deployment class from the SSN ontology describes the deployment of one or more systems on a ssn:Platform for a particular purpose for a given time period. SAREF4AGRI defines a saref:Device as subclass of an ssn:System and extends the ssn:Deployment class by means of the s4agri:Deployment class. In this way, it is possible to represent a specific installation of a certain agricultural system (e.g. a smart irrigation system) in a given space (expressed by means of the property s4agri:hasDeploymentPeriod) and at a given temporal frame (expressed by means of the property s4agri:isDeployedAtSpace) where SAREF4AGRI devices (e.g. a pluviometer, a soil tensiometer, a weather station and a watering gun) can be deployed. The deployment can involve a given ssn:Platform which hosts the system deployed in such deployment. In order to represent temporal information the TIME ontology has been reused. For the geographical information both the GeoSPARQL ontology (http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#) and the WGS84 Geo vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#) are reused.

Platform, System and Deployment
Figure 2: Platform, System and Deployment

Measurement

As shown in Figure 3, the modelling of measurements in SAREF4AGRI relies on the measurement model proposed in SAREF to express information about a certain property to be measured, its measured value, its measurement unit and the time of the measurement.

This modelling includes the saref:FeatureOfInterest (whose design pattern has been taken from the W3C SSN ontology) that provides the means to refer to the real world phenomena that is being observed in a given measurement (e.g. a cow can be defined in SAREF4AGRI as the feature of interest of a weight measurement made by a weight sensor). The reader is referred to the SAREF specification [1] for details about the modelling of measurements, whereas the present document includes details only for the new concepts created in SAREF4AGRI, such as the classes and instances added to support the livestock farming and smart irrigation use cases. Note that a work item ETSI TS 103 264 [1] has been opened to evolve the current SAREF core specification ETSI TS 103 264 [1] according to the latest developments in various sectors, including the input from the SAREF4AGRI extension in the present document. ETSI TS 103 264 [1] work item will result in an updated SAREF 3.0 core ontology. The following properties (to be included in SAREF 3.0) are reused in SAREF4AGRI to complete the model of measurements:

Measurement model
Figure 3: Measurement model

In order to support the Smart Irrigation use case, a number of units of measure have been added to SAREF4AGRI as instances of the saref:UnitOfMeasure class, namely dbpedia:DBM (decibel-milliwatts), om:millivolt (millivolt), om:millimetre (millimetre), om:millibar (millibar) and om:degree_Celsius (degree Celsius). Additionally, for the livestock farming use case the om:Liter unit has been added. These instances have been reused from DBpedia (https://wiki.dbpedia.org/) and the Ontology of units of Measure (OM) 2.0 (http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/).

In order to support the livestock farming use case (and potentially other use cases such as arable farming and horticulture in future SAREF4AGRI releases), the s4agri:Animal, s4agri:AnimalGroup and s4agri:Crop classes have been added to SAREF4AGRI as subclasses of saref:FeatureOfInterest (see clause 4.2.4).

In this way, measurements from relevant sensors (such as on animal activity movement, temperature, weight, milking yield, etc.) can be related via the isMeasurementOf relation to specific e.g. (groups of) animals that are instances of the saref:FeatureOfInterest class. This relation is explained in more detail in the following clause.

Animal, Crop and Soil (Feature of Interest)

The main features of interest in SAREF4AGRI currently support (aspects of) the livestock farming and smart irrigation use cases and are represented by the s4agri:Animal, s4agri:AnimalGroup, s4agri:Crop and s4agri:Soil classes that are shown in Figure 4.

Animal, Crop and Soil
Figure 4: Animal, Crop and Soil

The s4agri:Animal class describes an animal that can be classified in SAREF4AGRI reusing the TAXRANK taxonomy vocabulary (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/taxrank.owl#). Besides the reuse of the TAXRANK taxonomy vocabulary, an animal is furthermore defined in SAREF4AGRI in order to have a birth and death date. An animal also has a unique identifier and can be part of one or more s4agri:AnimalGroup that are used to conduct experiments and observations on the livestock. Note that animals can be also specialized using subclasses, as is shown in the example in clause 4.3.1 with the ex:LactatingCow class that was created as a subclass of s4agri:Animal. Animals and animal groups are related to measurements via the saref:FeatureOfinterest concept of SAREF (see clause 4.2.3).

The s4agri:Soil class represents the upper layer of the earth in which plants grow. The s4agri:Crop class describes a collection of homogeneous plant species that is grown on a large scale commercially (especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable) and is planted on a single location. A s4agri:Crop is grown on some s4agri:Parcel, which is an area of land, defined in SAREF4AGRI as subclass of the geosp:Feature (see clause 4.2.6). Moreover, s4agri:Crop is related to measurements via saref:FeatureOfInterest (see clause 4.2.3).

Device

SAREF4AGRI extends the device hierarchy defined in SAREF in order to include devices needed to support the livestock farming and the smart irrigation use cases. These devices are shown in Figure 5. The devices included for the Smart Irrigation use case are: s4agri:Pluviometer, s4agri:SoilTensiometer, s4agri:WeatherStation, and s4agri:WateringGun. The devices included for the Livestock Farming use case are: s4agri:MovementActivitySensor, EatingActivitySensor, s4agri:MilkingSensor, and s4agri:WeightSensor.

Device hierarchy
Figure 5: Device hierarchy

Property

SAREF4AGRI extends the property hierarchy defined in SAREF in order to include properties needed to support the livestock farming and the smart irrigation use cases. These devices are shown in Figure 6. The properties included for the smart irrigation use case are: s4agri:SoilMoisture, s4agri:IrrigationWater, s4agri:SoilTemperature, s4agri:AirTemperature, s4agri:AmbientHumidity, s4agri:Precipitation and s4agri:PlantGrowthStage.

The properties included for the livestock farming use case are: s4agri:Yield (which can further be specialized in subclasses, such as MilkYield, CropYield, MeatYield, MilkYield, etc. as needed) and s4agri:Intake (which can further be specialized in subclasses, such as FoodIntake for animals, FertilizerIntake for crops, etc. as needed).

Property hierarchy
Figure 6: Property hierarchy

Topology

SAREF4AGRI adopts the same topology modelling pattern that is adopted in the SAREF4CITY extension [i.3], where existing standard ontologies have been reused for this purpose. As shown in Figure 7, for representing spatial objects in SAREF4AGRI, the geosp:SpatialObject class from GeoSPARQL has been reused along with its subclasses geosp:Feature, geosp:Geometry and the properties geosp:sfContains, geosp:sfWithin and geosp:hasGeometry. In addition, the class geo:Point and the property geo:location have been reused from the "WGS84 Geo Positioning vocabulary" (which is the W3C de-facto standard for geographical information) in order to be able to indicate that something is located at certain coordinates.

Topology model
Figure 7: Topology model

For the purpose of SAREF4AGRI, the geosp:Feature class has been extended with the following subclasses:

A s4agri:Farm can contain one or more s4agri:Building and s4agri:Parcel (via the geosp:sfContains relation). Note that these types of feature are used in the present document as examples, but more feature types (and building types) can be added as needed. Moreover, a s4agri:Building can be further decomposed in one or more s4agri:BuildingSpaces (once again via the geosp:sfContains relation). As subclasses of geosp:Feature, all the classes mentioned above inherit the possibility to have a physical geometric description using geosp:Geometry, if needed (e.g. especially relevant for s4agri:Parcel). As subclasses of geosp:SpatialObject, all the classes mentioned above also inherit the possibility to use the geo:location property to indicate that something is located at certain coordinates (e.g. especially relevant for s4agri:Bulding).

Person and Organization

As it is modelled in the SAREF4CITY extension [i.3], also SAREF4AGRI reuses the FOAF vocabulary (http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/) and Schema.org vocabulary (https://schema.org/) to represent the concepts of Person and Organization. Figure 8 shows that in SAREF4AGRI the foaf:Person and org:Organization classes are extended with the s4agri:Farmer and s4agri:FarmHolding subclasses to describe farmers and their organizations. Both foaf:Person and org:Organization are subclass of foaf:Agent. Organizations (e.g. s4agri:FarmHolding) have members (e.g. farmers). Both s4agri:Farmer and s4agri:FarmHolding can manage some s4agri:Farm.

Person and Organization model
Figure 8: Person and Organization model

Namespace Declarations

wgs84:
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
owl:
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
saref:
https://saref.etsi.org/core/
xsd:
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
rdfs:
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ssn:
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
geo:
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
rdf:
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
dcterms:
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
s4agri:
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/
time:
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
vann:
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
foaf:
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
sosa:
http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/

Classes

Animal back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Animal

An individual and identifiable living organism that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

Animal Group back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/AnimalGroup

A collection of one or multiple animals.

Building back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Building

A building represents a structure that provides shelter for its occupants or contents and stands in one place. The building is also used to provide a basic element within the spatial structure hierarchy for the components of a building project (together with site, storey, and space).

Building space back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/BuildingSpace

An entity used to define the physical spaces of the building. A building space contains devices or building objects.

has super-classes
geo:Featurec

Crop back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Crop

A collection of cultivated plants that is grown on a large scale commercially, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable.

Deployment back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Deployment

Deployment
The scenario, including temporal and spatial information, in which the systems and devices are installed.

Eating activity sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/EatingActivitySensor

Eating activity sensor

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Farm back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Farm

A plot of land used for the scope of farming which can contain buildings and parcels.

Farm holding back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/FarmHolding

A class to decsribe a saref4agri farm holding as subcass of an org:Organization

Farmer back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Farmer

A class to decsribe a saref4agri farmer as subcass of a foaf:Person

ID back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/ID

ID

is in range of
s4agri:hasIDc

Intake back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Intake

The amount of food or other substance taken into the body of an animal or into the soil.

Milking sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/MilkingSensor

Milking sensor

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Movement activity sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/MovementActivitySensor

Movement activity sensor

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Parcel back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Parcel

An area of land, which might be used for grazing animals or planting crops. The parcel is defined as an undividable logical area of land which contains homogeneous items.

Platform back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Platform

Platform

has super-classes
sosa:Platformc

Pluviometer back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Pluviometer

A sensor that measures the rain fall.

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Soil back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Soil

Upper layer of the earth in which plants grow.

has super-classes
saref:FeatureOfInterestc

Soil tensiometer back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/SoilTensiometer

A sensor that measures the soil moisture.

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Thermometer back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Thermometer

Thermometer

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Watering gun back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/WateringGun

An actuator to irrigate an space.

has super-classes
saref:Actuatorc

Watering system back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/WateringSystem

Watering system

has super-classes
ssn:Systemc

Watering valve back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/WateringValve

Watering valve

has super-classes
saref:Actuatorc

Weather station back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/WeatherStation

A sensor o system that measure weather conditions.

has super-classes
ssn:Systemc
saref:Sensorc

Weight sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/WeightSensor

Weight sensor

has super-classes
saref:Sensorc

Yield back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Yield

The produced amount of food for animals or of agricultural products.

Object Properties

contains back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/contains

contains

has super-properties
geo:sfContainsop
is inverse of
s4agri:isContainedInop

generates back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/generates

A relation to represent the yield generated by a Crop.

has super-properties
saref:hasPropertyop

has deployment period back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasDeploymentPeriod

Relation to indicate the temporal duration or period of a deployment.
has deployment period

has id back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasID

A relation to express the unique identifier of an animal.

has super-properties
owl:topObjectPropertyop
has range
s4agri:IDc

has member back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasMember

A relation to represent the members of an AnimalGroup.

is inverse of
s4agri:isMemberOfop

has received back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasReceived

has received

is inverse of
s4agri:receivesop

is contained in back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/isContainedIn

is contained in

is inverse of
s4agri:containsop

is deployed at space back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/isDeployedAtSpace

Relation to indicate the geographical componet of a deployment.
is deployed at space

is located in back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/isLocatedIn

A relation to express the physical location of a saref4agri entity (e.g., an animal)

is inverse of
s4agri:isLocationOfop

is location of back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/isLocationOf

is location of

is inverse of
s4agri:isLocatedInop

is member of back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/isMemberOf

A relation to express that an animal can be part of groups.

is inverse of
s4agri:hasMemberop

manages farm back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/managesFarm

manages farm

receives back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/receives

A relation to represent the intake/consumption of certain substances in a Crop.

has super-properties
saref:hasMeasurementop
is inverse of
s4agri:hasReceivedop

Data Properties

has birth date back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasBirthDate

A relation to express the birth date of an animal.

has range
xsd:dateTime

has death date back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasDeathDate

A relation to express the death date of an animal.

has range
xsd:dateTime

has harvest date back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasHarvestDate

A relation to express the day the crop is harvested.

has super-properties
owl:topDataPropertydp
has range
xsd:dateTime

has name back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasName

A relation to express the name of an entity (e.g.,animal).

has range
xsd:string

has plant date back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/hasPlantDate

A relation to express the day the crop is planted.

has super-properties
owl:topDataPropertydp
has range
xsd:dateTime

Named Individuals

Air temperature back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/AirTemperature

The degree or intensity of heat present in the air.

belongs to
saref:Temperaturec

Ambient humidity back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/AmbientHumidity

The amount of water vapour in the air.

belongs to
saref:Humidityc

Irrigation water back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/IrrigationWater

The amount of water falling in the soil by irrigation methods.

belongs to
saref:Propertyc

Plant growth stage back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/PlantGrowthStage

The level or stage of growth of the plant.

belongs to
saref:Propertyc

Precipitation back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/Precipitation

The amount of water falling in the soil by natural process (e.g. rain).

belongs to
saref:Propertyc

Soil moisture back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/SoilMoisture

The amount of water or humidity contained in the soil.

belongs to
saref:Propertyc

Soil temperature back to ToC or Named Individuals ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/saref4agri/SoilTemperature

The degree or intensity of heat present in the soil.

belongs to
saref:Temperaturec

References

Normative references

  • [1] ETSI TS 103 264 (V3.1.1) (02-2020): "SmartM2M; Smart Applications; Reference Ontology and oneM2M Mapping".

Informative references

  • [i.1] ETSI TR 103 411 (V1.1.1) (2017-02): "SmartM2M Smart Appliances SAREF extension investigation".
  • [i.2] ETSI TR 103 511 (V1.1.1) (2018-10): "SmartM2M; SAREF extension investigation; Requirements for AgriFood domain".
  • [i.3] ETSI TS 103 410-4 (V1.1.2) (2020-04): "SmartM2M; Extension to SAREF; Part 4: Smart Cities Domain".
  • [i.4] Verhoosel J. and Spek J.: "Applying Ontologies in the Dairy Farming Domain for Big Data Analysis". Proceedings of the 1st Semantic Web Technologies for the Internet of Things (SWIT) 2016 workshop, co-located with 15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2016), Kobe, Japan, October 2016, pg. 91-100, CEUR.
    NOTE: Available at http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1783/.

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank the ETSI SmartM2M technical committee for providing guidance and expertise.

Also, many thanks to the ETSI staff and all other current and former active Participants of the ETSI SmartM2M group for their support, technical input and suggestions that led to improvements to this ontology.

Also, special thanks goes to the ETSI SmartM2M Technical Officer Guillemin Patrick for his help.

This documentation page was generated automatically using SPARQL-Generate, developed by Maxime Lefrançois. The SAREF public portal, the SAREF sources with continuous integration and deployment, the SAREF Pipeline software, and ETSI Technical Specification TS 103 673 v1.1.1 "SAREF Development Framework and Workflow, Streamlining the Development of SAREF and its Extensions", have been developed in the context of the ETSI STF 578, which followed the ETSI STF 556.