An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. An actuator takes energy, usually created by air, electricity, or liquid, and converts that into some kind of motion.

An air-to-air heat recovery device employs a counter-flow heat exchanger between inbound and outbound air flow. It is typically used to transfer heat from warmer air in one chamber to cooler air in the second chamber (i.e., typically used to recover heat from the conditioned air being exhausted and the outside air being supplied to a building), resulting in energy savings from reduced heating (or cooling) requirements.

An alarm is a device that signals the existence of a condition or situation that is outside the boundaries of normal expectation or that activates such a device.

Alarms include the provision of break glass buttons and manual pull boxes that are used to activate alarms.

An audio-visual appliance is a device that displays, captures, transmits, or receives audio or video.

Audio-visual appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. They may require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source. Audio-visual appliances may be connected to data circuits including specialist circuits for audio visual purposes only.

A boiler is a closed, pressure-rated vessel in which water or other fluid is heated using an energy source such as natural gas, heating oil, or electricity. The fluid in the vessel is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.

A building represents a structure that provides shelter for its occupants or contents and stands in one place. The building is also used to provide a basic element within the spatial structure hierarchy for the components of a building project (together with site, storey, and space).

A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task in a building.

An object in the building that can be controlled by devices, such as a door or a window that can be automatically opened or closed by an actuator. (Definition taken from SAREF 1.0)

An entity used to define the physical spaces of the building. A building space contains devices or building objects.

A burner is a device that converts fuel into heat through combustion. It includes gas, oil, and wood burners.

A chiller is a device used to remove heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle to cool a fluid, typically water or a mixture of water and glycol. The chilled fluid is then used to cool and dehumidify air in a building.

A coil is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media. A common example is a cooling coil, which utilizes a finned coil in which circulates chilled water, antifreeze, or refrigerant that is used to remove heat from air moving across the surface of the coil. A coil may be used either for heating or cooling purposes by placing a series of tubes (the coil) carrying a heating or cooling fluid into an airstream. The coil may be constructed from tubes bundled in a serpentine form or from finned tubes that give a extended heat transfer surface.

Coils may also be used for non-airflow cases such as embedded in a floor slab.

A communications appliance transmits and receives electronic or digital information as data or sound.

Communication appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Communication appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.

A compressor is a device that compresses a fluid typically used in a refrigeration circuit.

A condenser is a device that is used to dissipate heat, typically by condensing a substance such as a refrigerant from its gaseous to its liquid state.

A controller is a device that monitors inputs and controls outputs within a building automation system.

A controller may be physical (having placement within a spatial structure) or logical (a software interface or aggregated within a programmable physical controller).

A cooled beam (or chilled beam) is a device typically used to cool air by circulating a fluid such as chilled water through exposed finned tubes above a space. Typically mounted overhead near or within a ceiling, the cooled beam uses convection to cool the space below it by acting as a heat sink for the naturally rising warm air of the space. Once cooled, the air naturally drops back to the floor where the cycle begins again.

A cooling tower is a device which rejects heat to ambient air by circulating a fluid such as water through it to reduce its temperature by partial evaporation.

A damper typically participates in an HVAC duct distribution system and is used to control or modulate the flow of air.

Represents devices of a building automation control system that are used to impart control over elements of a distribution system. (Definition adapated from http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/Add1/html/schema/ifcsharedbldgserviceelements/lexical/ifcdistributioncontrolelement.htm)

Generalization of all devices that participate in a distribution system. (Definition adapated from http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/Add1/html/schema/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcdistributionelement.htm)

Represents devices of a distribution system that facilitate the distribution of energy or matter, such as air, water or power. (Definition adapated from http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/Add1/html/schema/ifcsharedbldgserviceelements/lexical/ifcdistributionflowelement.htm)

A duct silencer is a device that is typically installed inside a duct distribution system for the purpose of reducing the noise levels from air movement, fan noise, etc. in the adjacent space or downstream of the duct silencer device.

An electric appliance is a device intended for consumer usage that is powered by electricity.

Electric appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Electric appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.

An electric flow storage device is a device in which electrical energy is stored and from which energy may be progressively released.

An electric generator is an engine that is a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

An electric motor is an engine that is a machine for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

An electric time control is a device that applies control to the provision or flow of electrical energy over time.

The distribution flow element EnergyConversionDevice defines the occurrence of a device used to perform energy conversion or heat transfer and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

An engine is a device that converts fuel into mechanical energy through combustion.

An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air by saturating it with water vapor.

An evaporator is a device in which a liquid refrigerent is vaporized and absorbs heat from the surrounding fluid.

A fan is a device which imparts mechanical work on a gas. A typical usage of a fan is to induce airflow in a building services air distribution system.

A filter is an apparatus used to remove particulate or gaseous matter from fluids and gases.

A fire suppression terminal has the purpose of delivering a fluid (gas or liquid) that will suppress a fire.

A fire suppression terminal provides for all forms of sprinkler, spreader and other form of terminal that is connected to a pipework system and intended to act in the role of suppressing a fire.

The distribution flow element FlowController defines the occurrence of elements of a distribution system that are used to regulate flow through a distribution system. Examples include dampers, valves, switches, and relays.

A flow instrument reads and displays the value of a particular property of a system at a point, or displays the difference in the value of a property between two points.

Instrumentation is typically for the purpose of determining the value of the property at a point in time. It is not the purpose of an instrument to record or integrate the values over time (although they may be connected to recording devices that do perform such a function). This entity provides for all forms of mechanical flow instrument (thermometers, pressure gauges etc.) and electrical flow instruments (ammeters, voltmeters etc.)

A flow meter is a device that is used to measure the flow rate in a system.

The distribution flow element FlowMovingDevice defines the occurrence of an apparatus used to distribute, circulate or perform conveyance of fluids, including liquids and gases (such as a pump or fan), and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

The distribution flow element FlowStorageDevice defines the occurrence of a device that participates in a distribution system and is used for temporary storage (such as a tank).

The distribution flow element FlowTerminal defines the occurrence of a permanently attached element that acts as a terminus or beginning of a distribution system (such as an air outlet, drain, water closet, or sink). A terminal is typically a point at which a system interfaces with an external environment.

The distribution flow element FlowTreatmentDevice defines the occurrence of a device typically used to remove unwanted matter from a fluid, either liquid or gas, and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

A heat exchanger is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media such as plate and shell and tube heat exchangers. HeatExchanger is commonly used on water-side distribution systems to recover energy from a liquid to another liquid (typically water-based), whereas AirToAirHeatRecovery is commonly used on air-side distribution systems to recover energy from a gas to a gas (usually air).

A humidifier is a device that adds moisture into the air.

An interceptor is a device designed and installed in order to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matter while permitting normal sewage or liquids to discharge into a collection system by gravity.

A lamp is an artificial light source such as a light bulb or tube.

A medical device is attached to a medical piping system and operates upon medical gases to perform a specific function. Medical gases include medical air, medical vacuum, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide.

An outlet is a device installed at a point to receive one or more inserted plugs for electrical power or communications.

Power outlets are commonly connected within a junction box; data outlets may be directly connected to a wall. For power outlets sharing the same circuit within a junction box, the ports should indicate the logical wiring relationship to the enclosing junction box, even though they may be physically connected to a cable going to another outlet, switch, or fixture.

Any Object that has a proper space region. (Definition extracted from DUL ontology)

A protective device breaks an electrical circuit when a stated electric current that passes through it is exceeded.

A protective device provides protection against electrical current only (not as a general protective device). It may be used to represent the complete set of elements including both the tripping unit and the breaking unit that provide the protection. This may be particularly useful at earlier stages of design where the approach to breaking the electrical supply may be determined but the method of tripping may not. Alternatively, this entity may be used to specifically represent the breaking unit alone (in which case the tripping unit will also be specifically identified). This entity is specific to dedicated protective devices and excludes electrical outlets that may have circuit protection.

A protective device tripping unit breaks an electrical circuit at a separate breaking unit when a stated electric current that passes through the unit is exceeded.

A pump is a device which imparts mechanical work on fluids or slurries to move them through a channel or pipeline. A typical use of a pump is to circulate chilled water or heating hot water in a building services distribution system.

A sanitary terminal is a fixed appliance or terminal usually supplied with water and used for drinking, cleaning or foul water disposal or that is an item of equipment directly used with such an appliance or terminal.

A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.

Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.

A solar device converts solar radiation into other energy such as electric current or thermal energy.

Space heaters utilize a combination of radiation and/or natural convection using a heating source such as electricity, steam or hot water to heat a limited space or area. Examples of space heaters include radiators, convectors, baseboard and finned-tube heaters.

UnitaryEquipment should be used for packaged units supporting a combination of heating, cooling, and/or dehumidification; Coil should be used for coil-based floor heating.

A switch is used in a cable distribution system (electrical circuit) to control or modulate the flow of electricity.

Switches include those used for electrical power, communications, audio-visual, or other distribution system types as determined by the available ports.

A tank is a vessel or container in which a fluid or gas is stored for later use.

A transformer is an inductive stationary device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another.

Transformer is used to transform electric power; conversion of electric signals for other purposes is handled at other entities: Controller converts arbitrary signals, AudioVisualAppliance converts signals for audio or video streams, and CommunicationsAppliance converts signals for data or other communications usage.

A transport element is a generalization of all transport related objects that move people, animals or goods within a building or building complex. The TransportElement defines the occurrence of a transport element.

A tube bundle is a device consisting of tubes and bundles of tubes used for heat transfer and contained typically within other energy conversion devices, such as a chiller or coil.

A unitary control element combines a number of control components into a single product, such as a thermostat or humidistat.

A unitary control element provides a housing for an aggregation of control or electrical distribution elements that, in combination, perform a singular (unitary) purpose. Each item in the aggregation may have its own geometric representation and location.

A valve is used in a building services piping distribution system to control or modulate the flow of the fluid.

A vibration isolator is a device used to minimize the effects of vibration transmissibility in a building.

Maximum allowable air flow rate. Usually measured in m3/s.

Minimum allowable air flow rate. Usually measured in m3/s.

Ambient design dry bulb temperature used for selecting the cooling tower. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Ambient design wet bulb temperature used for selecting the cooling tower. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Maximum apparent power/capacity in VA (volt ampere). Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Indicates discrete audio volume levels and corresponding sound power offsets, if applicable. Missing values may be interpolated. Measured in watts.

Volume between operating and overflow levels in cooling tower basin. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

The thickness of the damper blade. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Overall body mass of the heater. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

Capacity of the transport element measured by weight. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

Close off rating. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Length of coil. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Width of coil. Usually measured in millimeters (mm

The color temperature of any source of radiation is defined as the temperature (in Kelvin) of a black-body or Planckian radiator whose radiation has the same chromaticity as the source of radiation. Often the values are only approximate color temperatures as the black-body radiator cannot emit radiation of every chromaticity value. The color temperatures of the commonest artificial light sources range from less than 3000K (warm white) to 4000K (intermediate) and over 5000K (daylight). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Compressor speed. Usually measured in cycles/s.

The connection size of the to and from the pump. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

A relation between a physical space and the objects located in such space.

Luminous flux is a photometric measure of radiant flux, i.e. the volume of light emitted from a light source. Luminous flux is measured either for the interior as a whole or for a part of the interior (partial luminous flux for a solid angle). All other photometric parameters are derivatives of luminous flux. Luminous flux is measured in lumens (lm). The luminous flux is given as a nominal value for each lamp. Usually measured in Lumen (lm, Candela Steradian).

The length measured along the x-axis in the local coordinate system or the radius (in the case of a circular shape in plan) of the cover of the oil interceptor. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

The length measured along the x-axis in the local coordinate system of the cover of the oil interceptor. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

The total effective or actual volumetric capacity of the tank. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).B3

The ratio of output capacity to intake capacity.

The ratio of output capacity to intake capacity.

External surface area (both primary and secondary area). Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Face area open to the airstream. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Filter fluid resistance when replacement is required (i.e., Pressure drop at the maximum air flowrate across the filter when the filter needs replacement per ASHRAE Standard 52.1). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

FirstCurvatureRadius should be defined as the base or left side radius of curvature value. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Flow coefficient (the quantity of fluid that passes through a fully open valve at unit pressure drop), typically expressed as the Kv or Cv value for the valve.

Allowable range of frictional resistance against which the fluid is being pumped. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Allowable range of frictional resistance against which the fluid is being pumped. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Possible range of fluid flowrate that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

Possible range of fluid flowrate that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

Fouling factor of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in m2 Kelvin/Watt.

The length (or depth) of the damper frame. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

The thickness of the damper frame material. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Relation between a building or a building space and the spaces it can be divided into.

Heat exchange area. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Total heat transfer area of the vessel. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Height of the vibration isolator before tha application of load. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Horizontal spacing between tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Hydraulic diameter. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Compressor capacity under ideal conditions. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Compressor shaft power under ideal conditions. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The ratio between the imaginary part of the zero sequence impedance and the imaginary part of the positive impedance (i.e. imaginary part of the short-circuit voltage) of the transformer. Used for three-phase transformer which includes a N-conductor.

Diameter of compressor impeller - used to scale performance of geometrically similar compressors. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

In-line tube row spacing. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Initial new filter fluid resistance (i.e., pressure drop at the maximum air flowrate across the filter when the filter is new per ASHRAE Standard 52.1). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Size of the inlet connection. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Actual inner diameter of the tube in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Internal volume of evaporator (refrigerant side). Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

Internal surface area. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Internal volume of evaporator (water side). Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

A relation between an object and the physical space in which it is located.

Relation between a building space and the building or building space it belongs to.

The compressibility of the vibration isolator.

Static deflection of the vibration isolator. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Non recoverable losses of luminous flux of a lamp due to lamp depreciation i.e. the decreasing of light output of a luminaire due to aging and dirt.

Leakage when fully closed. Usually measured in m3/s.

The finished length of the device. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Elevation difference between cooling tower sump and the top of the tower. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Light emitter nominal power. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The maximum terminal size capacity of the device. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Input current when a motor armature is energized but not rotating. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

Minimum liquid pressure at the pump inlet to prevent cavitation. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Nominal rate of air flow. Usually measured in m3/s.

Nominal or quoted =length, measured along the z-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Nominal or quoted length, measured along the x-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Nominal or quoted length, measured along the y-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Nominal capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Chiller condensing temperature. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal cooling capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The nominal depth of the tank. Note: Not required for a horizontal cylindrical tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Nominal diameter or width of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Nominal chiller efficiency under nominal conditions.

Nominal fuel consumption rate required to produce the total boiler heat output. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Chiller evaporating temperature.Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Filter face velocity. Usually measured in m/s.

Nominal fluid flow rate through the filter. Usually measured in m3/s.

The nominal frequency of the supply. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

Sum of the refrigeration effect and the heat equivalent of the power input to the compressor. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Nominal heat transfer surface area associated with nominal overall heat transfer coefficient. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

Nominal overall heat transfer coefficient associated with nominal heat transfer area. Usually measured in Watts/m2 Kelvin.

Nominal heating capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Nominal latent capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The nominal length or, in the case of a vertical cylindrical tank, the nominal diameter of the tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Average fluid velocity at the media surface. Usually measured in m/s.

Nominal rate of water vapor added into the airstream. Usually measured in kg/s.

Allowable part load ratio range.

Particle geometric mean diameter associated with nominal efficiency. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Particle geometric standard deviation associated with nominal efficiency.

Nominal total power consumption. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Nominal fan power rate.Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Total pressure drop across the filter. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Nominal return water temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal return water temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal fan wheel speed. Usually measured in cycles/s.

Nominal sensible capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Nominal surrounding humidity (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal surrounding temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal surrounding temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

The static pressure within the air stream that the fan must overcome to insure designed circulation of air. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

The nominal voltage of the supply. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

The maximum and minimum allowed voltage of the supply e.g. boundaries of 380V/440V may be applied for a nominal voltage of 400V.

The maximum and minimum allowed voltage of the supply e.g. boundaries of 380V/440V may be applied for a nominal voltage of 400V.

Nominal supply water temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal supply water temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Nominal total pressure rise across the fan. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Nominal UA value.

The total nominal or design volumetric capacity of the tank. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

Nominal water flow (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in m3/s.

Nominal water flow (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in m3/s.

The nominal width or, in the case of a horizontal cylindrical tank, the nominal diameter of the tank. Note: Not required for a vertical cylindrical tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Pump rotational speed under nominal conditions. Usually measured in cycles/s.

Total pressure drop across damper. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Operating weight of the tank including all of its contents. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

Allowable operation ambient (air, fluid) temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Allowable operation ambient (air, fluid) temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Time of operation at maximum operational ambient air temperature. Measured in seconds (s) or days (d) or other units of time.

Size of the outlet connection. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Allowable outlet temperature of either the water or the steam. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Allowable outlet temperature of either the water or the steam. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Total nominal heat output as listed by the manufacturer. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Actual outside diameter of the tube in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Maximum part load ratio as a fraction of nominal capacity.

Minimum part load ratio as a fraction of nominal capacity.

The maximum output power rating of the engine. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

Nominal pressure rating of the boiler as rated by the agency having jurisdiction. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Maximum primary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

Minimum primary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

The power in VA (volt ampere) that has been transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The current that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

The frequency that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

The voltage that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

Allowable range of volume of fluid being pumped against the resistance specified. Usually measured in kg/s.

Allowable range of volume of fluid being pumped against the resistance specified. Usually measured in kg/s.

The ratio between the real part of the zero sequence impedance and the real part of the positive impedance (i.e. real part of the short-circuit voltage) of the transformer. Used for three-phase transformer which includes a N-conductor.

SecondCurvatureRadius should be defined as the top or right side radius of curvature value. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Maximum secondary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Maximum secondary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

The power in VA (volt ampere) that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

The current that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

The frequency that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

The voltage that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

A complex number that specifies the real and imaginary parts of the short-circuit voltage at rated current of a transformer given in %.

The size of the connection to the valve (or to each connection for faucets, mixing valves, etc.). Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

(Rsol): The ratio of incident solar radiation that is reflected by a shading system (also named _e). Note the following equation Asol + Rsol + Tsol = 1

(Tsol) The ratio of incident solar radiation that directly passes through a shading system (also named _e). Note the following equation Asol + Rsol + Tsol = 1

The spectrum of radiation describes its composition with regard to wavelength. Light, for example, as the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, is radiation with wavelengths in the range of approx. 380 to 780 nm (1 nm = 10 m). The corresponding range of colours varies from violet to indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. These colours form a continuous spectrum, in which the various spectral sectors merge into each other.

The spectrum of radiation describes its composition with regard to wavelength. Light, for example, as the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, is radiation with wavelengths in the range of approx. 380 to 780 nm (1 nm = 10 m). The corresponding range of colours varies from violet to indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. These colours form a continuous spectrum, in which the various spectral sectors merge into each other.

Staggered tube row spacing. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

IEC. Start current factor defines how large the peek starting current will become on the engine. StartCurrentFactor is multiplied to NominalCurrent and we get the start current.

The time (in s) needed for the motor to reach its rated speed with its driven equipment attached, starting from standstill and at the nominal voltage applied at its terminals.

The maximum weight that can be carried by the vibration isolator. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

The maximum time (in s) at which the motor could run with locked rotor when the motor is used in an EX-environment. The time indicates that a protective device should trip before this time when the starting current of the motor is slowing through the device.

Temperature rating. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

The maximum pressure to which the valve has been subjected under test. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Fouling factor of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in m2 Kelvin/Watt.

Overall Thermal Efficiency is defined as gross energy output of the heat transfer device divided by the energy input.

Product of component mass and specific heat.

Rate at which energy is transmitted through a body. Usually measured in Watts/m2 Kelvin.

Size of the ventilating pipe(s). Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

Vertical spacing between tubes in the tube bundle.Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

The vibration transmissibility percentage.

Fraction of the visible light that is reflected by the glazing at normal incidence. It is a value without unit.

Fraction of the visible light that passes the shading system at normal incidence. It is a value without unit.

Total volume of fluid in the tubes and their headers. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

Allowable water inlet temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Allowable water inlet temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

Allowable water circuit working pressure range. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Allowable water circuit working pressure range. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Make-up water requirement. Usually measured in m3/s.

Water storage capacity. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

The weight of the device. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

The normally expected maximum working pressure of the valve. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Maximum working pressure. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Allowable minimum working pressure (relative to ambient pressure). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

Defines the types of access (or cover) to a tank that may be specified. Note that covers are generally specified for rectangular tanks. For cylindrical tanks, access will normally be via a manhole.

Humidifier application. Fixed: Humidifier installed in a ducted flow distribution system. Portable: Humidifier is not installed in a ducted flow distribution system.

Defines the basic flow arrangements for the heat exchanger: COUNTERFLOW: Counterflow heat exchanger arrangement. CROSSFLOW: Crossflow heat exchanger arrangement. PARALLELFLOW: Parallel flow heat exchanger arrangement. MULTIPASS: Multipass flow heat exchanger arrangement. OTHER: Other type of heat exchanger flow arrangement not defined above.

Blade action.

Blade edge.

Blade shape. Flat means triple V-groove.

FanCycling: Fan is cycled on and off to control duty. TwoSpeedFan: Fan is switched between low and high speed to control duty. VariableSpeedFan: Fan speed is varied to control duty. DampersControl: Dampers modulate the air flow to control duty. BypassValveControl: Bypass valve modulates the water flow to control duty. MultipleSeriesPumps: Turn on/off multiple series pump to control duty. TwoSpeedPump: Switch between high/low pump speed to control duty. VariableSpeedPump: vary pump speed to control duty.

InletVane: Control by adjusting inlet vane. VariableSpeedDrive: Control by variable speed drive. BladePitchAngle: Control by adjusting blade pitch angle. TwoSpeed: Control by switch between high and low speed. DischargeDamper: Control by modulating discharge damper.

Capacity of the transportation element measured in numbers of person.

OpenCircuit: Exposes water directly to the cooling atmosphere. CloseCircuit: The fluid is separated from the atmosphere by a heat exchanger. Wet: The air stream or the heat exchange surface is evaporatively cooled. Dry: No evaporation into the air stream. DryWet: A combination of a dry tower and a wet tower.

In both the DIN and CIE standards, artificial light sources are classified in terms of their color appearance. To the human eye they all appear to be white the difference can only be detected by direct comparison. Visual performance is not directly affected by differences in color appearance.

The CRI indicates how well a light source renders eight standard colors compared to perfect reference lamp with the same color temperature. The CRI scale ranges from 1 to 100, with 100 representing perfect rendering properties.

FixedExitingWaterTemp: The capacity is controlled to maintain a fixed exiting water temperature. WetBulbTempReset: The set-point is reset based on the wet-bulb temperature.

Defines the types of end shapes that can be used for preformed tanks. The convention for reading these enumerated values is that for a vertical cylinder, the first value is the base and the second is the top for a horizontal cylinder, the order of reading should be left to right. For a speherical tank, the value UNSET should be used.B5

The source of energy.

The fluid used for the coolant in the evaporator.

ColdLiquid: Evaporator is using liquid type of fluid to exchange heat with refrigerant. ColdAir: Evaporator is using air to exchange heat with refrigerant.

Specifies the required fail-safe position of the actuator.