SAREF: the Smart Applications REFerence ontology

Latest version:

https://saref.etsi.org/core/

Permanent IRI for this version (v3.1.1)

https://saref.etsi.org/core/v3.1.1/

ETSI Technical Specification

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103200_103299/103264/03.01.01_60/ts_103264v030101p.pdf

Sources on the SAREF Forge

https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref-core/

Publication Date

2020-02-11

Last Modification Date

2020-05-29

Creators

Ontology requirements and tests

requirements and tests

Prefix and namespace declaration:

Turtle: @prefix saref: <https://saref.etsi.org/core/> .

SPARQL: PREFIX saref: <https://saref.etsi.org/core/>

Download serialization:

License:

Abstract

The Smart Applications REFerence ontology (SAREF) is intended to enable interoperability between solutions from different providers and among various activity sectors in the Internet of Things (IoT), thus contributing to the development of the global digital market.

SAREF shall use the SAREF Communication framework as defined in [5] (ETSI TS 103 267: "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; Communication Framework”).

Introduction

General Overview

Figure 1 shows an overview of the main classes of SAREF and their relationships.

SAREF Overview — Figure 1: Overview of the SAREF ontology

Device

SAREF focuses on the concept of device, which is defined as a tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task in households, common public buildings or offices. In order to accomplish this task, the device performs one or more functions. Examples of devices are a light switch, a temperature sensor, an energy meter and a washing machine. A washing machine is designed to wash (task) and to accomplish this task it performs a start and stop function. The saref:Device class and its properties are shown in Figure 2.

A saref:Device can have some properties that uniquely characterize it, namely its model and manufacturer (saref:hasModel and saref:hasManufacturer properties, respectively).

SAREF is conceived in a modular way in order to allow the definition of any device from pre-defined building blocks, based on the function(s) that the device performs. Therefore, a saref:Device has at least one function (saref:hasFunction min 1 saref:Function). Moreover, a saref:Device can be used for (saref:isUsedFor property) the purpose of offering a commodity, such as saref:Water or saref:Gas. It can also measure a property, such as saref:Temperature, saref:Energy and saref:Smoke. Moreover, a device may consist of other devices (saref:consistsOf property).

As shown in Figure 3, types of devices that can be represented are actuators (e.g. a saref:Switch that can be further specialized in saref:LightSwitch and saref:DoorSwitch), sensors (e.g. a saref:SmokeSensor and saref:TemperatureSensor), meters, and appliances. Note that more types of devices, sensors and actuators exist which can be defined to extend SAREF (the device types in Figure 4 represent only some examples that aim at explaining the rationale behind SAREF). A description of these types of devices is presented in the next clause, in combination with the function that they perform. Examples of devices for specific domains are defined in the SAREF extensions ([i.2] to [i.7]).

Function

A function is represented in SAREF with the saref:Function class and is defined as the functionality necessary to accomplish the task for which a device is designed. Examples of functions are saref:ActuatingFunction, saref:SensingFunction, saref:MeteringFunction and saref:EventFunction. The saref:Function class and its properties are shown in Figure 4.

In particular:

The saref:ActuatingFunction allows to transmit data to actuators, such as level settings (e.g. temperature) or binary switching (e.g. open/close, on/off) and can be divided into different types, such as for example:

The actuating function of type saref:OnOffFunction allows to switch on and off an actuator. This function allows the commands saref:OnCommand, saref:OffCommand and saref:ToggleCommand.
The actuating function of type saref:LevelControlFunction allows to do level adjustments of an actuator in a certain range (e.g. 0%-100%), such as dimming a light or set the speed of an electric motor. This function allows the commands saref:SetLevelCommand (which can be of type saref:SetAbsoluteLevel or saref:SetRelativeLevel), saref:StepUpCommand and saref:StepDownCommand.

The saref:SensingFunction allows to transmit data from sensors, such as measurement values (e.g. temperature) or sensing data (e.g. occupancy). This function allows the command saref:GetCommand.
The saref:MeteringFunction allows to get data from a meter, such as current meter reading or instantaneous demand. This function allows the commands saref:GetCurrentMeterValueCommand, saref:GetMeterDataCommand, and saref:GetMeterHistoryCommand.
The saref:EventFunction allows to notify another device that a certain threshold value has been exceeded. This function allows the command saref:NotifyCommand.

In order to show how these functions shall be used, some examples of devices and their functions are defined as follows:

a washing machine is a device of type saref:Appliance, accomplishes the task saref:Washing and performs an actuating function of type saref:StartStopFunction;
a sensor is a device of type saref:Sensor and performs a saref:SensingFunction;
a temperature sensor is a device that consists of a sensor, is of type saref:Sensor, performs the saref:SensingFunction and measures a property of type saref:Temperature;
a smoke sensor is a device that consists of a sensor, is of type saref:Sensor, performs the saref:SensingFunction (to measure a property of type saref:Smoke) and saref:EventFunction (to notify that a certain threshold has been exceeded);
a switch is a device that is of type saref:Actuator and performs an actuating function of type saref:OnOffFunction or saref:OpenCloseFunction;
a door switch is a device that consists of a switch, is of type of saref:Actuator, performs the saref:OpenCloseFunction and is used for the purpose of controlling a building object such as a door;
a dimmer lamp is a device that is of type saref:Actuator, performs an actuating function of type saref:LevelControlFunction and measures a property of type saref:Light;
a meter is a device that is of type saref:Meter and performs a saref:MeteringFunction;
an energy meter is a device that consists of a meter, is of type saref:Meter, performs the saref:MeteringFunction and measures the saref:Energy property.

Command

A saref:Function shall have at least one command associated to it (saref:hasCommand min 1 saref:Command). Figure 5 shows the list of commands currently available in SAREF. This list is used here for illustration purposes and can be extended with new commands.

For example:

The commands saref:OnCommand, saref:OffCommand and saref:ToggleCommand are associated to the function saref:OnOffFunction.
The commands saref:SetLevelCommand (which can be of type saref:SetAbsoluteLevel or saref:SetRelativeLevel), saref:StepUpCommand and saref:StepDownCommand are associated to the function saref:LevelControlFunction.
The command saref:GetCommand is associated to the function saref:SensingFunction.
The commands saref:GetCurrentMeterValueCommand, saref:GetMeterDataCommand, saref:GetMeterHistoryCommand are associated to the function saref:MeteringFunction.
The command saref:NotifyCommand is associated to the function saref:EventFunction.

Figure 5 further shows that a command can act upon a state (saref:actsUpon relation) to represent that the consequence of a command can be a change of state of a device. Note that a command may act upon a state, but does not necessarily act upon a state. For example, the saref:OnCommand acts upon the saref:OnOffState, but the saref:GetCommand does not act upon any state, since it only gives a directive to retrieve a certain value.

State

Depending on the function(s) it performs, a device can be found in a corresponding saref:State, as shown in Figure 6. For example, a switch can be found in the saref:OnOffState, which is further specialized in saref:OnState and saref:OffState. A light switch can be found in the saref:OnOffState upon which the saref:OnCommand and saref:OffCommand shall act. Note that SAREF is not restricted to binary states such as the saref:OnOffState, but allows to define also n-ary states (see, for example, the saref:MultiLevelState class).

Service

Figure 7 shows that a device offers a service (the saref:Service class), which is a representation of a function to a network that makes this function discoverable, registerable and remotely controllable by other devices in the network. A service shall represent at least one function (saref:represents min 1 saref:Function) and is offered by at least one device that wants (a certain set of) its function(s) to be discoverable, registerable and remotely controllable by other devices in the network (saref:isOfferedBy min 1 saref:Device). Multiple devices can offer the same service. A service shall specify the device that is offering the service and the function(s) to be represented.

For example, a light switch can offer the service of remotely switching the lights in a home through mobile phone devices that are connected to the local network (saref:SwitchOnService class). This "remote switching" service represents the saref:OnOffFunction previously described.

Note that the concept of service is further elaborated in the oneM2M Base Ontology [4], to which the reader is referred in order to model the details of a service that are out of the scope of SAREF.

Profile

A device in SAREF can be further characterized by a profile. Figure 8 shows the saref:Profile class and its properties. A profile is a specification associated to a device to collect information about a certain property or commodity (e.g. energy or water) for optimizing its usage in the home/building in which the device is located. Therefore, a profile is linked to a certain property or commodity (using the saref:isAbout property), can be calculated over a time span (using the saref:hasTime property) and can be associated to some costs (using the saref:hasPrice property). A specialization of a profile is the Power Profile defined in the SAREF4ENER extension in ETSI TS 103 410-1 [i.2] (this power profile can be associated to a device for optimizing the energy efficiency in the home/building in which the device is located).

Figure 8: Profile class

Measurement, Property, and Unit of Measure

The classes saref:Measurement, saref:Property and saref:UnitOfMeasure allow to relate different measurements from a given device for different properties measured in different units, i.e. the saref:Measurement class describes a measurement of a physical quantity (using the saref:hasValue property) for a given saref:Property and according to a given saref:UnitOfMeasure. In this way, it is possible to differentiate between properties and the measurements made for such properties, and to store measurements for a concrete property in different units of measurement. Furthermore, a timestamp can be added (using the saref:hasTimestamp property) to identify when the measurement applies to the property, which can be used either for single measurements or for series of measurements (e.g. measurement streams). Figure 9 shows that a saref:Device can measure or control a saref:Property (which may be from a saref:FeatureOfInterest), which in turn relates to a saref:Measurement, which in turn is measured in a given saref:UnitOfMeasure. Note that it is possible to follow also the inverse direction in which a saref:Device makes a measurement in a certain unit of measure (using the saref:makesMeasurement property), and this measurement can be related to a saref:Property (using the saref:relatesToProperty property). A saref:FeatureOfInterest represents any real world entity from which a saref:Property is measured.

As an example, the saref:Power and saref:Energy classes can be related to a certain measurement value (using the saref:hasValue property), which is measured in a certain unit of measure i.e. Kilowatt for power (saref:PowerUnit) and Kilowatt_Hour for energy (saref:EnergyUnit). Analogously, the saref:Price class can be related to a certain measurement value that is measured using a certain saref:Currency, which is a subclass of the saref:UnitOfMeasure class. Further examples on how to define units of measure can be found in the different SAREF extensions ([i.2] to [i.7]).

The saref:Time class allows to specify the "time" concept in terms of temporal entities (i.e. instants or intervals) according to the existing W3C® Time ontology to avoid defining this concept from scratch.

Namespace Declarations

default namespace:: https://saref.etsi.org/core/
owl:: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf:: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
xml:: http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
saref:: https://saref.etsi.org/core/
xsd:: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
dcterms:: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
rdfs:: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
vann:: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
foaf:: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

Classes

Actuating function
Actuator
Appliance
Close command
Close state
Coal
Command
Commodity
Currency
Device
Door switch
Electricity
Energy
Energy unit
Event function
Feature of interest
Function
Gas
Get command
Get current meter value command
Get meter data command
Get meter history command
Get sensing data command
HVAC
Humidity
Illuminance unit
Level control function
Light
Light switch
Measurement
Meter
Metering function
Motion
Multi level state
Notify command
Occupancy
Off command
Off state
On command
On off function
On off state
On state
Open close function
Open close state
Open command
Open state
Pause command
Power
Power unit
Pressure
Pressure unit
Price
Profile
Property
Sensing function
Sensor
Service
Set absolute level command
Set level command
Set relative level command
Smoke
Smoke sensor
Start command
Start state
Start stop function
Start stop state
State
Step down command
Step up command
Stop command
Stop state
Switch
Switch on service
Task
Temperature
Temperature sensor
Temperature unit
Time
Toggle command
Unit of measure
Water

Actuating function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/ActuatingFunction

A function that allows to transmit data to actuators, such as level settings (e.g., temperature) or binary switching (e.g., open/close, on/off)

has super-classes: saref:Function^c
has sub-classes: saref:LevelControlFunction^c
saref:OnOffFunction^c
saref:OpenCloseFunction^c
saref:StartStopFunction^c

Actuator back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Actuator

A device responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system by performing an actuating function

has super-classes: saref:Device^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:ActuatingFunction^c
has sub-classes: saref:Switch^c

Appliance back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Appliance

An electrical/mechanical machine that accomplish some household functions, such as cleaning or cooking

has super-classes: saref:Device^c

Close command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/CloseCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:OpenCloseState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:OpenCloseFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:OpenCommand^c

Close state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/CloseState

The state of a device that is CLOSE

has super-classes: saref:OpenCloseState^c

Coal back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Coal

A type of commodity

has super-classes: saref:Commodity^c

Command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Command

A directive that a device must support to perform a certain function. A command may act upon a state, but does not necessarily act upon a state. For example, the ON command acts upon the ON/OFF state, but the GET command does not act upon any state, it simply gives a directive to retrieve a certain value. We propose here a list of commands that are relevant for the purpose of SAREF, but this list can be extended.

has super-classes: saref:actsUpon^op only saref:State^c
saref:isCommandOf^op min 1 saref:Function^c
has sub-classes: saref:CloseCommand^c
saref:GetCommand^c
saref:NotifyCommand^c
saref:OffCommand^c
saref:OnCommand^c
saref:OpenCommand^c
saref:PauseCommand^c
saref:SetLevelCommand^c
saref:StartCommand^c
saref:StepDownCommand^c
saref:StepUpCommand^c
saref:StopCommand^c
saref:ToggleCommand^c
is in domain of: saref:actsUpon^c
saref:isCommandOf^c
is in range of: saref:hasCommand^c

Commodity back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Commodity

A marketable item for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. SAREF refers to energy commodities such as electricity, gas, coal and oil.

has sub-classes: saref:Coal^c
saref:Electricity^c
saref:Gas^c
saref:Water^c

Currency back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Currency

The class of units of measure for price

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Device back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Device

A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task. In order to accomplish this task, the device performs one or more functions. For example, a washing machine is designed to wash (task) and to accomplish this task it performs a start and stop function.

has super-classes: saref:accomplishes^op min 1 saref:Task^c
saref:consistsOf^op only saref:Device^c
saref:controlsProperty^op only saref:Property^c
saref:hasFunction^op min 1 saref:Function^c
saref:hasManufacturer^dp max 1
saref:hasModel^dp max 1
saref:hasProfile^op only saref:Profile^c
saref:hasState^op only saref:State^c
saref:isUsedFor^op only saref:Commodity^c
saref:makesMeasurement^op only saref:Measurement^c
saref:measuresProperty^op only saref:Property^c
saref:offers^op only saref:Service^c
has sub-classes: saref:Actuator^c
saref:Appliance^c
saref:HVAC^c
saref:Meter^c
saref:Sensor^c
is in domain of: saref:controlsProperty^c
saref:hasFunction^c
saref:hasProfile^c
saref:hasState^c
saref:makesMeasurement^c
saref:measuresProperty^c
saref:offers^c
is in range of: saref:isControlledByDevice^c
saref:isMeasuredByDevice^c
saref:isOfferedBy^c
saref:measurementMadeBy^c

Door switch back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/DoorSwitch

A switch that performs the saref:OpenCloseFunction, is used for controlling a door, and can be found in the state saref:OpenCloseState. A saref:DoorSwitch is typically used to accomplish saref:Safety.

has super-classes: saref:Switch^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:OpenCloseFunction^c
saref:hasState^op some saref:OpenCloseState^c

Electricity back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Electricity

A type of commodity

has super-classes: saref:Commodity^c

Energy back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Energy

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value measured in an energy unit (such as Kilowatt_Hour or Watt_hour). Furter specializations of the saref:Energy class can be found in the SAREF4ENER extension, where classes such as EnergyMax, EnergyMin and EnergyExpected are defined.

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Energy unit back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/EnergyUnit

The unit of measure for energy

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Event function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/EventFunction

A function that allows to notify about some relevant activity; e.g., that a certain threshold value has been exceeded or that some object has moved.

has super-classes: saref:Function^c
saref:hasThresholdMeasurement^op min 1 saref:Measurement^c
is in domain of: saref:hasThresholdMeasurement^c

Feature of interest back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/FeatureOfInterest

A feature of interest represents any real world entity from which a property is measured.

has super-classes: saref:hasMeasurement^op only saref:Measurement^c
saref:hasProperty^op only saref:Property^c
is in domain of: saref:hasMeasurement^c
saref:hasProperty^c
is in range of: saref:isMeasurementOf^c
saref:isPropertyOf^c

Function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Function

The functionality necessary to accomplish the task for which a device is designed. A device can be designed to perform more than one function. Functions can be structured in categories (subclasses) that reflect different points of view, for example, considering the specific application area for which a function can be used (e.g., light, temperature, motion, heat, power, etc.), or the capability that a function can support (e.g., receive, reply, notify, etc.), and so forth.

has super-classes: saref:hasCommand^op min 1 saref:Command^c
has sub-classes: saref:ActuatingFunction^c
saref:EventFunction^c
saref:MeteringFunction^c
saref:SensingFunction^c
is in domain of: saref:hasCommand^c
is in range of: saref:hasFunction^c
saref:isCommandOf^c
saref:represents^c

Gas back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Gas

A type of commodity

has super-classes: saref:Commodity^c

Get command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/GetCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
has sub-classes: saref:GetCurrentMeterValueCommand^c
saref:GetMeterDataCommand^c
saref:GetMeterHistoryCommand^c
saref:GetSensingDataCommand^c

Get current meter value command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/GetCurrentMeterValueCommand

A type of get command

has super-classes: saref:GetCommand^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:MeteringFunction^c

Get meter data command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/GetMeterDataCommand

A type of get command

has super-classes: saref:GetCommand^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:MeteringFunction^c

Get meter history command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/GetMeterHistoryCommand

A type of get command

has super-classes: saref:GetCommand^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:MeteringFunction^c

Get sensing data command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/GetSensingDataCommand

A type of get command

has super-classes: saref:GetCommand^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:SensingFunction^c

HVAC back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/HVAC

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) device that provides indoor environmental comfort. A saref:HVAC is typically used to accomplish saref:Comfort.

has super-classes: saref:Device^c

Humidity back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Humidity

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a humidity unit

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Illuminance unit back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/IlluminanceUnit

The unit of measure for light

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Level control function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/LevelControlFunction

An actuating function that allows to do level adjustments of a property in a certain range (e.g., 0%-100%), such as dimming a light in a room or setting the speed of an electric motor.

has super-classes: saref:ActuatingFunction^c

Light back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Light

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a illuminance unit (lux)

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Light switch back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/LightSwitch

A switch that performs the saref:OnOffFunction, controls the property saref:Light, and can be found in the state saref:OnOffState. It can offer a switch on service. A saref:LightSwitch is typically used to accomplish saref:Lighting.

has super-classes: saref:Switch^c
saref:controlsProperty^op some saref:Light^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:OnOffFunction^c
saref:hasState^op some saref:OnOffState^c
saref:offers^op some saref:SwitchOnService^c

Measurement back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Measurement

Represents the measured value made over a property. It is also linked to the unit of measure in which the value is expressed and the timestamp of the measurement.

has super-classes: saref:hasTimestamp^dp only xsd:dateTime
saref:hasValue^dp exactly 1
saref:isMeasuredIn^op exactly 1 saref:UnitOfMeasure^c
saref:isMeasuredIn^op only saref:UnitOfMeasure^c
saref:isMeasurementOf^op only saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
saref:relatesToProperty^op only saref:Property^c
saref:relatesToProperty^op exactly 1 saref:Property^c
is in domain of: saref:isMeasuredIn^c
saref:isMeasurementOf^c
saref:measurementMadeBy^c
saref:relatesToProperty^c
is in range of: saref:hasMeasurement^c
saref:hasMeterReading^c
saref:hasSensingRange^c
saref:hasThresholdMeasurement^c
saref:makesMeasurement^c
saref:relatesToMeasurement^c

Meter back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Meter

A device built to accurately detect and display a quantity in a form readable by a human being. Further, a device of category saref:Meter that performs a saref:MeteringFunction.

has super-classes: saref:Device^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:MeteringFunction^c

Metering function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/MeteringFunction

A function that allows to get data from a meter, such as current meter reading or instantaneous demand

has super-classes: saref:Function^c
saref:hasMeterReading^op only saref:Measurement^c
saref:hasMeterReadingType^op only (saref:Commodity^c or saref:Property^c)
is in domain of: saref:hasMeterReading^c
saref:hasMeterReadingType^c

Motion back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Motion

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a unit of measure for motion

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Multi level state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/MultiLevelState

A type of state

has super-classes: saref:State^c

Notify command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/NotifyCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:EventFunction^c

Occupancy back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Occupancy

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value (saref:hasValue property) that is measured in a unit of measure for occupancy

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Off command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OffCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:OnOffState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:OnOffFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:OnCommand^c

Off state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OffState

The state of a device that is Off

has super-classes: saref:OnOffState^c

On command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OnCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:OnOffState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:OnOffFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:OffCommand^c

On off function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OnOffFunction

An actuating function that allows to switch on and off an actuator

has super-classes: saref:ActuatingFunction^c

On off state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OnOffState

A type of state

has super-classes: saref:State^c
has sub-classes: saref:OffState^c
saref:OnState^c

On state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OnState

The state of a device that is On

has super-classes: saref:OnOffState^c

Open close function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OpenCloseFunction

An actuating function that allows to open and close a device

has super-classes: saref:ActuatingFunction^c

Open close state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OpenCloseState

A type of state

has super-classes: saref:State^c
has sub-classes: saref:CloseState^c
saref:OpenState^c

Open command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OpenCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:OpenCloseState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:OpenCloseFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:CloseCommand^c

Open state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/OpenState

The state of a device that is OPEN

has super-classes: saref:OpenCloseState^c

Pause command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/PauseCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c

Power back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Power

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a power unit (such as watt or kilowatt). Further specializations of the saref:Power class can be found in the SAREF4ENER extension, where classes such as PowerMax, PowerMin and PowerExpected are defined.

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Power unit back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/PowerUnit

The unit of measure for power

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Pressure back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Pressure

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a pressure unit (bar or pascal)

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Pressure unit back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/PressureUnit

The unit of measure for pressure

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Price back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Price

A saref:Property crelated to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured using saref:Currency

has super-classes: saref:Property^c
is in range of: saref:hasPrice^c

Profile back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Profile

A specification associated to a device to collect information about a certain Property (e.g., Energy) for optimizing its usage in the home, office or building in which the device is located. This specification is about a certain Property (saref:isAbout), can be calculated over a time span (saref:hasTime) and can be associated to some costs (saref:hasPrice). An example is the Power Profile defined in the SAREF4ENER extension that can be associated to a device for optimizing the Energy efficiency in the home, office or building in which the device is located.

has super-classes: saref:consistsOf^op only saref:Profile^c
saref:hasPrice^op only saref:Price^c
saref:hasTime^op only saref:Time^c
saref:isAbout^op only (saref:Commodity^c or saref:Property^c)
is in range of: saref:hasProfile^c

Property back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Property

A quality of a feature of interest that can be measured; an aspect of a feature of interest that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the feature

has super-classes: saref:isControlledByDevice^op only saref:Device^c
saref:isMeasuredByDevice^op only saref:Device^c
saref:isPropertyOf^op only saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
saref:relatesToMeasurement^op only saref:Measurement^c
has sub-classes: saref:Energy^c
saref:Humidity^c
saref:Light^c
saref:Motion^c
saref:Occupancy^c
saref:Power^c
saref:Pressure^c
saref:Price^c
saref:Smoke^c
saref:Temperature^c
is in domain of: saref:isControlledByDevice^c
saref:isMeasuredByDevice^c
saref:isPropertyOf^c
saref:relatesToMeasurement^c
is in range of: saref:controlsProperty^c
saref:hasMeterReadingType^c
saref:hasProperty^c
saref:hasSensorType^c
saref:measuresProperty^c
saref:relatesToProperty^c

Sensing function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SensingFunction

A function that allows to transmit data from sensors, such as measurement values (e.g., temperature) or sensing data (e.g., occupancy)

has super-classes: saref:Function^c
saref:hasSensingRange^op some saref:Measurement^c
saref:hasSensorType^op only saref:Property^c
is in domain of: saref:hasSensingRange^c
saref:hasSensorType^c

Sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Sensor

A device that detects and responds to events or changes in the physical environment such as light, motion, or temperature changes. Further, a device of category saref:Sensor that performs a saref:SensingFunction.

has super-classes: saref:Device^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:SensingFunction^c
has sub-classes: saref:SmokeSensor^c
saref:TemperatureSensor^c

Service back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Service

A service is a representation of a function to a network that makes the function discoverable, registerable, remotely controllable by other devices in the network. A service can represent one or more functions. A Service is offered by a device that wants (a certain set of) its function(s) to be discoverable, registerable, remotely controllable by other devices in the network. A Service must specify the device that is offering the service and the function(s) to be represented.

has super-classes: saref:isOfferedBy^op min 1 saref:Device^c
saref:represents^op min 1 saref:Function^c
has sub-classes: saref:SwitchOnService^c
is in domain of: saref:isOfferedBy^c
saref:represents^c
is in range of: saref:offers^c

Set absolute level command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SetAbsoluteLevelCommand

A type of set level command

has super-classes: saref:SetLevelCommand^c

Set level command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SetLevelCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:MultiLevelState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:LevelControlFunction^c
has sub-classes: saref:SetAbsoluteLevelCommand^c
saref:SetRelativeLevelCommand^c

Set relative level command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SetRelativeLevelCommand

A type of set level command

has super-classes: saref:SetLevelCommand^c

Smoke back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Smoke

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a unit of measure for smoke

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Smoke sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SmokeSensor

A sensor that performs the saref:SensingFunction and the saref:EventFunction, and is used for the purpose of sensing a property of type saref:Smoke. A saref:SmokeSensor is typically used to saref:accomplish saref:Safety.

has super-classes: saref:Sensor^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:EventFunction^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:SensingFunction^c
saref:measuresProperty^op some saref:Smoke^c

Start command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StartCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:StartStopState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:StartStopFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:StopCommand^c

Start state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StartState

The state of a device that is STARTED

has super-classes: saref:StartStopState^c

Start stop function back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StartStopFunction

An actuating function that allows to start and stop a device

has super-classes: saref:ActuatingFunction^c

Start stop state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StartStopState

A type of state

has super-classes: saref:State^c
has sub-classes: saref:StartState^c
saref:StopState^c

State back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/State

The state in which a device can be found, e.g, ON/OFF/STANDBY, or ONLINE/OFFLINE. We propose here a list of states that are relevant for the purpose of SAREF, but this list can be extended.

has sub-classes: saref:MultiLevelState^c
saref:OnOffState^c
saref:OpenCloseState^c
saref:StartStopState^c
is in range of: saref:actsUpon^c
saref:hasState^c

Step down command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StepDownCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:MultiLevelState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:LevelControlFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:StepUpCommand^c

Step up command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StepUpCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:MultiLevelState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:LevelControlFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:StepDownCommand^c

Stop command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StopCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:actsUpon^op some saref:StartStopState^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:StartStopFunction^c
is disjoint with: saref:StartCommand^c

Stop state back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/StopState

The state of a device that is STOPPED

has super-classes: saref:StartStopState^c

Switch back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Switch

A device of category saref:Actuator that performs an actuating function of type saref:OnOffFunction or saref:OpenCloseFunction

has super-classes: saref:Actuator^c
has sub-classes: saref:DoorSwitch^c
saref:LightSwitch^c

Switch on service back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/SwitchOnService

A type of service that represents an on/off function to the network

has super-classes: saref:Service^c
saref:isOfferedBy^op some saref:LightSwitch^c
saref:represents^op some saref:OnOffFunction^c

Task back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Task

The goal for which a device is designed (from a user perspective). For example, a washing machine is designed for the task of washing. We propose here a list of tasks that are relevant for the purpose of SAREF, but this list can be extended. Tasks can be accomplished by devices (saref:isAccomplishedBy).

is in domain of: saref:isAccomplishedBy^c
is in range of: saref:accomplishes^c
has members: saref:MeterReadingⁿⁱ, saref:Comfortⁿⁱ, saref:Washingⁿⁱ, saref:Cleaningⁿⁱ, saref:Lightingⁿⁱ, saref:Entertainmentⁿⁱ, saref:WellBeingⁿⁱ, saref:EnergyEfficiencyⁿⁱ, saref:Safetyⁿⁱ, saref:Dryingⁿⁱ

Temperature back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Temperature

A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a temperature unit (degree_Celsius, degree_Fahrenheit, or degree_kelvin)

has super-classes: saref:Property^c

Temperature sensor back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/TemperatureSensor

A sensor that is used for the purpose of sensing a property of type saref:Temperature. A saref:TemperatureSensor is typically used to saref:accomplish saref:Comfort.

has super-classes: saref:Sensor^c
saref:hasFunction^op some saref:SensingFunction^c
saref:measuresProperty^op some saref:Temperature^c

Temperature unit back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/TemperatureUnit

The unit of measure for temperature

has super-classes: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

Time back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Time

A class that allows to specify the time concept.

is in range of: saref:hasTime^c

Toggle command back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/ToggleCommand

A type of command

has super-classes: saref:Command^c
saref:isCommandOf^op only saref:OnOffFunction^c

Unit of measure back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/UnitOfMeasure

The unit of measure is a standard for measurement of a quantity, such as a Property. For example, Power is a property and Watt is a unit of power that represents a definite predetermined power: when we say 10 Watt, we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined power called "watt". Our definition is based on the definition of unit of measure in the Ontology of units of Measure (OM). We propose here a list of some units of measure that are relevant for the purpose of SAREF, but this list can be extended, also using some other ontologies rather than the Ontology of units of Measure (OM).

has sub-classes: saref:Currency^c
saref:EnergyUnit^c
saref:IlluminanceUnit^c
saref:PowerUnit^c
saref:PressureUnit^c
saref:TemperatureUnit^c
is in range of: saref:isMeasuredIn^c

Water back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/Water

A type of commodity

has super-classes: saref:Commodity^c

Object Properties

accomplishes back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/accomplishes

A relationship between a certain entity (e.g., a device) and the task it accomplishes

has range: saref:Task^c
is inverse of: saref:isAccomplishedBy^op

acts upon back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/actsUpon

A relationship between a command and a state

has domain: saref:Command^c
has range: saref:State^c

consists of back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/consistsOf

A relationship indicating a composite entity that consists of other entities (e.g., a temperature/humidity sensor that consists of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor)

controls property back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/controlsProperty

A relationship specifying the property that can be controlled by a certain device

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Property^c

has command back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasCommand

A relationship between a function and a command

has domain: saref:Function^c
has range: saref:Command^c
is inverse of: saref:isCommandOf^op

has function back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasFunction

A relationship identifying the function of a device

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Function^c

has measurement back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasMeasurement

A relationship between a feature of interest and a measurement about it

has domain: saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c
is inverse of: saref:isMeasurementOf^op

has meter reading back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasMeterReading

A relationship between a metering function and the measurement of the reading

has domain: saref:MeteringFunction^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c

has meter reading type back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasMeterReadingType

A relationship identifying the reading type of a metering function (e.g., Water, Gas, Pressure , Energy , Power, etc.)

has domain: saref:MeteringFunction^c
has range: saref:Property^c

has price back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasPrice

A relationship indentifying the price associated to an entity

has range: saref:Price^c

has profile back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasProfile

A relationship associating a profile to a certain device

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Profile^c

has property back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasProperty

A relationship between a feature of interest and a property of that feature

has domain: saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
has range: saref:Property^c
is inverse of: saref:isPropertyOf^op

has sensing range back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasSensingRange

A relationship between a sensing function and a measurement identifying the range of a sensor detection

has domain: saref:SensingFunction^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c

has sensor type back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasSensorType

A relationship identifying the sensing type of a sensor detection (i.e., Temperature, Occupancy, Humidity, Motion , Smoke, Pressure, etc.)

has domain: saref:SensingFunction^c
has range: saref:Property^c

has state back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasState

A relationship identifying the type of state of a device

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:State^c

has threshold measurement back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasThresholdMeasurement

A relationship associated with an event function to notify that a certain threshold measurement has been exceeded

has domain: saref:EventFunction^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c

has time back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasTime

A relationship to associate time information to an entity

has range: saref:Time^c

has typical consumption back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasTypicalConsumption

A relationship identifying the typical (energy or power) consumption of a device

isAbout back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isAbout

A relationship identifying what an entity, such as a profile, is about

is accomplished by back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isAccomplishedBy

A relationship identifying an entity (e.g., a device) that can accomplish a task.

has domain: saref:Task^c
is inverse of: saref:accomplishes^op

is command of back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isCommandOf

A relationship between a command and a function.

has domain: saref:Command^c
has range: saref:Function^c
is inverse of: saref:hasCommand^op

is controlled by device back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isControlledByDevice

A relationship specifying the devices that can control a certain property

has domain: saref:Property^c
has range: saref:Device^c

is measured by device back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isMeasuredByDevice

A relationship specifying the devices that can measure a certain property

has domain: saref:Property^c
has range: saref:Device^c

is measured in back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isMeasuredIn

A relationship identifying the unit of measure used for a certain entity.

has domain: saref:Measurement^c
has range: saref:UnitOfMeasure^c

isMeasurementOf back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isMeasurementOf

A relationship between a measurement and the feature of interest whose quality was measured

has domain: saref:Measurement^c
has range: saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
is inverse of: saref:hasMeasurement^op

is offered by back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isOfferedBy

A relationship between a service and a device that offers the service

has domain: saref:Service^c
has range: saref:Device^c
is inverse of: saref:offers^op

is property of back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isPropertyOf

A relationship between a property and the feature of interest it belongs to

has domain: saref:Property^c
has range: saref:FeatureOfInterest^c
is inverse of: saref:hasProperty^op

is used for back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/isUsedFor

A relationship specifying the commodity for which a device is used for

makes measurement back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/makesMeasurement

A relation between a device and the measurements it makes. Such measurement will link together the value of the measurement, its unit of measure and the property to which it relates.

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c
is inverse of: saref:measurementMadeBy^op

measurement made by back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/measurementMadeBy

A relation between a measurement and the device that made it.

has domain: saref:Measurement^c
has range: saref:Device^c
is inverse of: saref:makesMeasurement^op

measures property back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/measuresProperty

A relationship specifying the property that can be measured by a certain device

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Property^c

offers back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/offers

A relationship between a device and a service

has domain: saref:Device^c
has range: saref:Service^c
is inverse of: saref:isOfferedBy^op

relates to measurement back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/relatesToMeasurement

A relationship between a property and the measurements it relates to

has domain: saref:Property^c
has range: saref:Measurement^c
is inverse of: saref:relatesToProperty^op

relates to property back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/relatesToProperty

A relationship between a measurement and the property it relates to

has domain: saref:Measurement^c
has range: saref:Property^c
is inverse of: saref:relatesToMeasurement^op

represents back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/represents

A relationship between a service and a function.

has domain: saref:Service^c
has range: saref:Function^c

Data Properties

has description
has manufacturer
has model
has timestamp
has value

has description ⚠ Is deprecated back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasDescription

DEPRECATED: The use of rdfs:comment is recommended instead.
A relationship providing a description of an entity (e.g., device). The value is expected to be a string or a string with language tag.

has manufacturer back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasManufacturer

A relationship identifying the manufacturer of an entity (e.g., device). The value is expected to be a string or a string with language tag.

has model back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasModel

A relationship identifying the model of an entity (e.g., device). The value is expected to be a string or a string with language tag.

has timestamp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasTimestamp

A relationship stating the timestamp of an entity (e.g. a measurement).

has value back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasValue

A relationship defining the value of a certain property, e.g., energy or power. Note that, even if numeric values are expected to enable reasoning, measurement values could use other datatypes.