SAREF4ENVI: an extension of SAREF for the Environment domain

Latest version
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4envi/
Permanent IRI for this version (v2.1.1)
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4envi/v2.1.1/
Previous version
https://saref.etsi.org/saref4envi/v1.1.2/
ETSI Technical Specification:
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10341002/02.01.01_60/ts_10341002v020101p.pdf
Sources on the ETSI Forge
https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref4envi/
Publication Date
2024-10-31
Last Modification Date
2025-04-11
Creators
Contributors
Ontology requirements and tests
requirements and tests
Imports ontologies
Examples
Prefix and namespace declaration
Turtle: @prefix s4envi: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4envi/> .
SPARQL: PREFIX s4envi: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4envi/>
Download serialization
License
Browse ontology
NOTE: The text in this section is extracted from ETSI TS 103 410-2 (V2.1.1) [0], and therefore falls inside the ETSI IPR Policy
NOTE: The text in this section is extracted from ETSI TS 103 410-2 (V2.1.1) [0], and therefore falls inside the ETSI IPR Policy

The technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 is a technical specification of SAREF4ENVI, an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF [1] for the Environment domain.

The technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 is a major revision of SAREF4ENVI ontology extension, developed in the context of the STF 641 (https://portal.etsi.org/xtfs/#/xTF/641), using updated reference ontology patterns specified in ETSI TS 103 548 [2] to solve the harmonization needs identified in ETSI TR 103 781 [i.3], with updated development framework and tools defined in ETSI TS 103 673 [3].

ETSI TS 103 410-2 (V1.1.2) [i.1] was created in collaboration with domain experts in the field of light pollution that worked in the STARS4ALL European H2020 project (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/688135/). The STARS4ALL project was composed of partners such as Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ESCP Europe, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of Southampton, Europan Crowdfunding Network, and CEFRIEL (Società Consortile a Responsabilita Limitata). As such, V1.1.2 of the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 focused on extending SAREF for photometers to solve the lack of interoperability between sensors that can measure and share information about light pollution. Such extension involves the following use cases (more details can be found in ETSI TR 103 411 [i.2]):

  • Use case 1: Monitor light pollution in a city, through the data collected by photometers about the magnitude of the light emitted in a given area.
  • Use case 2: Adjust lampposts light intensity due to high pollution, after identifying the most contaminating lampposts and therefore the areas where more energy is being thrown away.
  • Use case 3: Register a photometer, in which a new collection of photometers is incorporated into an existing sensor network.

Added in the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 is the covering of the waste management domain, as a collaboration between IMT - Mines Saint-Étienne and the company Compost'Ond, specialized in composting biodegradable waste. The Waste Managment Domain is divided into three modules: Waste, Collection and Treatment. They correspond chronologically to the three stages of waste management systems, from the moment a material becomes waste to the moment it is either transformed into another resource or becomes a final waste:

  • The Waste module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste, those who produce it and where, its type, and the containers in which it is disposed before collection.
  • The Collection module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste collection, the vehicles used and the journeys made to do so.
  • The Treatment module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste processing (pre-treatment, treatment, disposal), the processes that can be used for doing so, the organisations involved, the emissions produced, and the final outputs.

The intention of SAREF4ENVI includes:

  • to be the basis for enabling the use of SAREF in the environment domain;
  • to exemplify how to enable interoperability between environmental devices in cooperation.

As all the SAREF ontologies, SAREF4ENVI is a dynamic semantic model that is meant to evolve over time. Therefore, the stakeholders in the Environment domain are invited to use, validate and provide feedback on SAREF4ENVI, collaborating with the SAREF ontology experts to improve and evolve SAREF4ENVI in an iterative and interactive manner, so that changes and additions can be incorporated in future releases of the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2.

The prefixes and namespaces used in SAREF4ENVI and in the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 are listed in the Namespace Declarations section.

For all the entities described in the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2, it is indicated whether they are defined in the SAREF4ENVI extension or elsewhere by the prefix included before their identifier, i.e. if the element is defined in SAREF4ENVI, the prefix is s4envi, while if the element is reused from another ontology, it is indicated by a prefix according to the Namespace Declarations section. Colour codes also help to distinguish the provenance of entities.

Diagrams are to be interpreted using the Chowlk notation [3], clause 9.7.2.

Figure 1 provides a symbol legend for SAREF4ENVI diagrams.

Symbol legend for diagrams in the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2
Figure 1: Symbol legend for diagrams in the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2
NOTE: The text in this section is extracted from ETSI TS 103 410-2 (V2.1.1) [0], and therefore falls inside the ETSI IPR Policy

General additions to SAREF

The present clause describes general additions to SAREF Core, not specific to the automotive domain.

These additions could be incorporated in future versions of SAREF Core.

Digital Representations

Figure 2 describes how features of interest or feature kinds can have a digital representation accessible through some service.

Digital Representations of Features of Interest or Feature Kinds
Figure 2: Digital Representations of Features of Interest or Feature Kinds

Communication interfaces and communication protocols

Figure 3 describes how SAREF4SYST can be leveraged to describe communication interfaces of devices or device kinds, and communication protocols.

Communication interfaces and communication protocols
Figure 3: Communication interfaces and communication protocols

General Purpose Properties

Figure 4 describes some general purpose properties, which are instances of saref:Property.

General Purpose Properties
Figure 4: General Purpose Properties

Application of the SAREF patterns

The present clause describes different applications of SAREF patterns, in conformance to ETSI TS 103 548 [2].

Lighting Domain

From the Lighting Domain, the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-2 describes light properties, lights, light points, lampposts, and photometers.

Figure 5 describes lights and their different properties.

Light
Figure 5: Light

Figure 6 describes light points and their different properties.

Light Point
Figure 6: Light Point

Figure 7 describes lampposts and their relationship to light points and to the light they project.

Lamppost
Figure 7: Lamppost

Waste Management Domain

The Waste Managment Domain is divided into three modules: Waste, Collection and Treatment. They correspond chronologically to the three stages in the life of waste for which waste management systems are responsible, from the moment a resource becomes waste to the end of its life, which can occur when it is transformed into another resource or when it becomes final waste.

The Waste module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste, those who produce it and where, its type, and the containers in which it is disposed before collection.

Figure 8 provides an overview of the Waste module of SAREF4ENVI.

Overview of the SAREF4ENVI Waste module
Figure 8: Overview of the SAREF4ENVI Waste module

The Collection module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste collection, the vehicles used and the journeys made to do so.

Figure 9 provides an overview of the Waste Collection module of SAREF4ENVI.

Overview of the SAREF4ENVI Collection module
Figure 9: Overview of the SAREF4ENVI Collection module

The Treatment module of the Waste Management Domain covers waste processing (pre-treatment, treatment, disposal), the methods that can be used for doing so, the organisations involved, the emissions produced, and the final outputs.

Figure 10 provides an overview of the Waste Treatment module of SAREF4ENVI.

Overview of the Waste Treatment module of SAREF4ENVI
Figure 10: Overview of the Waste Treatment module of SAREF4ENVI

Ontology Reference

Classes

s4envi:AirEmissionKind — Air emission kind top Classes ToC

Category of air emission.

has super-classes
s4envi:EmissionKind
has members
s4envi:CarbonDioxide

s4envi:AnaerobicDigester — Anaerobic digester top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of methanisation.

has super-classes
s4envi:WasteTreatmentDevice

s4envi:Building — Building top Classes ToC

Construction works that has the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main purposes, usually partially or totally enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place (source: ISO 6707-1:2020, clause 3.1.1.3).

s4envi:City — City top Classes ToC

Inhabited and urbanised place.

has super-classes
s4envi:Perimeter

s4envi:CollectionOfBuildings — Collection of buildings top Classes ToC

Multiple buildings, not necessarily grouped spatially and not necessarily sharing any characteristics.

s4envi:CollectionPoint — Collection point top Classes ToC

Point where waste is collected by refuse collection vehicle (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.2.3.19).

s4envi:CommunicationInterface — Communication interface top Classes ToC

An interface defines which primitive operations and services the lower layer makes available to the upper one, when referring to network layers. (Definition adapted from "Tanenbaum, A. S. (2003). Computer networks, 4-th edition. ed: Prentice Hall.")

s4envi:CommunicationProtocol — Communication protocol top Classes ToC

A protocol is an agreement between the communicating parties on how communication is to proceed. (Definition taken from "Tanenbaum, A. S. (2003). Computer networks, 4-th edition. ed: Prentice Hall.")

s4envi:CompostBin — Compost bin top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of composting via cold composting.

has super-classes
s4envi:Composter

s4envi:Composter — Composter top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of composting.

s4envi:Container — Container top Classes ToC

Vessel or receptacle used for the temporary holding of waste (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.2.3.5).

s4envi:Depot — Depot top Classes ToC

Site where waste collection vehicles are parked when not in use.

has super-classes
geo:Feature
org:Site
saref:FeatureOfInterest
is in range of
s4envi:hasDepot

s4envi:DigitalRepresentation — Digital representation top Classes ToC

A digital representation encapsulates a physical object accessible via Web services

s4envi:Disassembler — Disassembler top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of disassembly.

has super-classes
s4envi:WastePreTreatmentDevice

s4envi:Emission — Emission top Classes ToC

Unwanted substance released into the air, water or soil.

s4envi:EmissionKind — Emission kind top Classes ToC

Category of emission.

s4envi:FinalWaste — Final waste top Classes ToC

State of waste that has been processed by a waste disposal device.

has super-classes
saref:FeatureOfInterest

s4envi:House — House top Classes ToC

Building designed as one dwelling (source: ISO 6707-1:2020, clause 3.1.4.5).

has super-classes
s4envi:ResidentialBuilding

s4envi:IncineratorWithRecovery — Incinerator with recovery top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of incineration with energy recovery.

has super-classes
s4envi:WasteTreatmentDevice

s4envi:IncineratorWithoutRecovery — Incinerator without recovery top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of incineration without energy recovery.

has super-classes
s4envi:WasteDisposalDevice

s4envi:Itinerary — Itinerary top Classes ToC

Set of road segments that make up the route taken by a waste collection vehicle, from its depot to the collection points on its round and finally to a waste processing site.

s4envi:Journey — Journey top Classes ToC

Trip that has been made by a waste collection vehicle in reality, following an itinerary, to collect waste from collection points and take it to a waste processing site.

s4envi:Lamppost — Lamppost top Classes ToC

A tall pole with a light at the top.

is equivalent to
( one of { s4envi:Lamppost } ) or ( skos:broader value s4envi:Lamppost) or ( saref:hasFeatureKind value s4envi:Lamppost)
has super-classes
saref:Device
is in domain of
s4envi:hasLightPoint

s4envi:LandfillWithRecovery — Landfill with recovery top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of landfill with energy recovery.

has super-classes
s4envi:WasteDisposalDevice

s4envi:LandfillWithoutRecovery — Landfill without recovery top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of landfill without energy recovery.

has super-classes
s4envi:WasteDisposalDevice

s4envi:Light — Light top Classes ToC

A light source, which may be a lantern, a street light, a floodlight, a signal lamp or any other device whose primary purpose is the generation of light. (Definition taken from http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Proposed_features/Key:light_source#Description)

is in range of
s4envi:projectsLight

s4envi:LightPoint — Light point top Classes ToC

An spatial point from where a light is projected. It might belong to a lamppost.

is equivalent to
( one of { s4envi:LightPoint } ) or ( skos:broader value s4envi:LightPoint) or ( saref:hasFeatureKind value s4envi:LightPoint)
is in range of
s4envi:hasLightPoint

s4envi:Neighbourhood — Neighbourhood top Classes ToC

Any spatial subpart of a city.

has super-classes
s4envi:Perimeter

s4envi:NonResidentialBuilding — Non-residential building top Classes ToC

Building for any use other than residential.

has super-classes
s4envi:Building

s4envi:Perimeter — Perimeter top Classes ToC

Spatial extent considered as containing (1) the attributee or attributees of a container, or (2) the generator or generators of a waste flux.

s4envi:PrimaryRawResource — Primary raw resource top Classes ToC

Natural resource or energy that is used as a resource for the first time as input in a process or for creating a solution (source: ISO 59004:2024, clause 3.3.2).

s4envi:PrimaryRawResourceKind — Primary raw resource kind top Classes ToC

Category of primary raw resource.

s4envi:ResidentialBuilding — Residential building top Classes ToC

Building for residential use.

s4envi:Resource — Resource top Classes ToC

Useful substances and objects.

s4envi:ResourceKind — Resource kind top Classes ToC

s4envi:RoadSegment — Road segment top Classes ToC

Route taken by a waste collection vehicle between (1) its depot and the first collection point on its round, (2) collection point n and collection point n+1 on its round, or (3) the last collection point on its round and a waste processing site.

s4envi:SecondaryRawResource — Secondary raw resource top Classes ToC

Resource that is obtained from one that has already been processed or used (source: ISO 59004:2024, clause 3.3.5).

s4envi:SecondaryRawResourceKind — Secondary raw resource kind top Classes ToC

s4envi:SharedResidentialBuilding — Shared residential building top Classes ToC

Building containing more than one dwelling.

has super-classes
s4envi:ResidentialBuilding

s4envi:ShieldedLamppost — Lamppost top Classes ToC

A lampost with a shield.

s4envi:SoilEmissionKind — Soil emission kind top Classes ToC

Category of soil emission.

has super-classes
s4envi:EmissionKind
has members
s4envi:HeavyMetal, s4envi:Pesticide

s4envi:Sorter — Sorter top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of sorting.

has super-classes
s4envi:WastePreTreatmentDevice

s4envi:VermicompostBin — Vermicompost bin top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of composting via vermicomposting.

has super-classes
s4envi:Composter

s4envi:Waste — Waste top Classes ToC

Substances or objects which are discarded, are intended to be discarded or are required to be discarded in accordance with national laws. Waste is a potential resource or commodity that could be turned into a useful product, recycled or recovered (source: ISO 24161:2022).

s4envi:WasteCollectionVehicle — Waste collection vehicle top Classes ToC

Purpose-built vehicle for the collection and transport of waste, whereby the refuse is transferred by differential air pressure, a lifting device, mechanical means or hand (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.2.2.6). In the case of human-powered waste collection vehicles, they are not necessarily purpose-built for the collection and transport of waste.

has super-classes
s4envi:hasDepot only s4envi:Depot
geo:Feature
saref:FeatureOfInterest
is in domain of
s4envi:hasDepot
is in range of
s4envi:isMadeBy

s4envi:WasteCollectionVehicleKind — Waste collection vehicle kind top Classes ToC

Category of waste collection vehicle.

s4envi:WasteDisposalDevice — Waste disposal device top Classes ToC

s4envi:WasteDisposalFunction — Waste disposal function top Classes ToC

Represents the functionality of disposing of waste.

s4envi:WasteDisposalTask — Waste disposal task top Classes ToC

Putting waste in an appropriate facility without the intention of recovery (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.3.3).

s4envi:WastePreTreatmentDevice — Waste pre-treatment device top Classes ToC

Device that pre-treats waste before the waste undergoes treatment or disposal.

s4envi:WastePreTreatmentFunction — Waste pre-treatment function top Classes ToC

s4envi:WastePreTreatmentTask — Waste pre-treatment task top Classes ToC

Represents the task of pre-treating waste: preparing waste for treatment or disposal.

s4envi:WasteProcessingFunction — Waste processing function top Classes ToC

Represents the functionality of processing (pre-treating, treating, disposing of) waste.

s4envi:WasteProcessingOrganisation — Waste processing organisation top Classes ToC

Organisation in the waste processing industry that has waste processing sites.

has super-classes
org:Organisation

s4envi:WasteProcessingSite — Waste processing site top Classes ToC

Licensed plant in which waste is treated in accordance with the local laws (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.3.20).

s4envi:WasteProcessingTask — Waste processing task top Classes ToC

Single step or a combination of multiple steps in which waste is handled via mechanical, chemical, thermal or biological processes with the aim of recovering material or energetic value and/or reducing the volume and environmental impact of the waste (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.3.19).

s4envi:WasteProducer — Waste producer top Classes ToC

Person or organisation which produces waste from their own activities (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.2.1.6).

s4envi:WasteTreatmentDevice — Waste treatment device top Classes ToC

s4envi:WasteTreatmentFunction — Waste treatment function top Classes ToC

s4envi:WasteTreatmentTask — Waste treatment task top Classes ToC

Represents the task of treating waste.

s4envi:WaterEmissionKind — Water emission kind top Classes ToC

Category of water emission.

s4envi:Windrow — Windrow top Classes ToC

Device that performs the task of composting via windrow composting.

has super-classes
s4envi:Composter

s4envi:accepts — accepts top Object Properties ToC

A container, waste processing device, waste processing site or waste collection vehicle kind is intended to accept one or more waste kinds. A waste collection vehicle kind is intended to accept one or more container kinds.

s4envi:becomes — becomes top Object Properties ToC

Waste becomes either a secondary raw resource, or final waste.

s4envi:directlyConsumes — directly consumes top Object Properties ToC

A waste processing device directly consumes one or more primary or secondary raw resources.

s4envi:directlyEmits — directly emits top Object Properties ToC

A waste processing device directly emits one or more emissions.

s4envi:encapsulates — encapsulates top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a digital representation and the physical objects it represents.

s4envi:followsItinerary — follows itinerary top Object Properties ToC

A journey follows a defined itinerary.

has domain
s4envi:Journey
has range
s4envi:Itinerary

s4envi:hasCollectionDay — has collection day top Object Properties ToC

A collection point can be assigned one or more collection days.

has domain
s4envi:CollectionPoint
has range
time:DayOfWeek

s4envi:hasCollectionPoint — has collection point top Object Properties ToC

A container can be assigned a collection point.

s4envi:hasDepot — has depot top Object Properties ToC

A waste collection vehicle is assigned one depot.

s4envi:hasDigitalRepresentation — has digital representation top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a physical object and the digital representation in which it is encapsulated.

has characteristics
inverse functional
has domain
saref:FeatureKind or saref:FeatureOfInterest
has range
s4envi:DigitalRepresentation
is inverse of
s4envi:encapsulates
s4envi:encapsulates

s4envi:hasLightPoint — has light point top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a lamppost and its light points

s4envi:indirectlyConsumes — indirectly consumes top Object Properties ToC

A waste processing device indirectly consumes one or more primary or secondary raw resources.

s4envi:indirectlyEmits — indirectly emits top Object Properties ToC

A waste processing device indirectly emits one or more emissions.

s4envi:isAccessibleThrough — is accessible through top Object Properties ToC

The relation between a digital representation and the service which it is accessible through.

has characteristics
functional
has domain
s4envi:DigitalRepresentation
has range
saref:Service

s4envi:isCollectedDuring — is collected during top Object Properties ToC

Waste is collected during a journey.

has domain
s4envi:Waste
has range
s4envi:Journey

s4envi:isDepositedAt — is deposited at top Object Properties ToC

Waste is deposited at a waste processing site.

s4envi:isDepositedIn — is deposited in top Object Properties ToC

Waste is deposited in one container.

has domain
s4envi:Waste
has range
s4envi:Container

s4envi:isMadeBy — is made by top Object Properties ToC

A journey is made by one waste collection vehicle.

s4envi:isProcessedBy — is processed by top Object Properties ToC

Waste is processed by at least one waste processing device.

s4envi:isProducedBy — is produced by top Object Properties ToC

Waste is produced by a waste producer. A waste kind is produced by a given waste producer at a given waste generation rate.

s4envi:produces — produces top Object Properties ToC

A waste processing device produces one or more secondary raw resources and/or final waste.

s4envi:projectsLight — projects light top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a lamppost or a light point and the light (or lights) they might project.

s4envi:serves — serves top Object Properties ToC

A container is intended to serve one perimeter.

has domain
s4envi:Container
has range
s4envi:Perimeter

s4envi:usesCommunicationInterface — uses communication interface top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a device and the communication interface it uses.

has super-properties
s4syst:connectsAt
has domain
saref:Device or saref:DeviceKind
has range
s4envi:CommunicationInterface

s4envi:usesCommunicationProtocol — uses communication protocol top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a device and the communication protocol it uses.

s4envi:hasCollectionDate — has collection date top Data Properties ToC

Waste has one collection date, the date on which it was initially collected.

has domain
s4envi:Waste
has range
xsd:date

s4envi:hasCreationDate — has creation date top Data Properties ToC

Final waste and secondary raw resources have a creation date that corresponds to the date on which their creation was completed.

s4envi:hasTag — has tag top Data Properties ToC

A relationship stating the tags that can be assigned to an entity (e.g., a digital representation).

has range
xsd:string

s4envi:isMadeOn — is made on top Data Properties ToC

A journey is made on a given date.

has domain
s4envi:Journey
has range
xsd:date

s4envi:processingBeginsOn — processing begins on top Data Properties ToC

Waste begins being processed on a given date.

has domain
s4envi:Waste
has range
xsd:date

s4envi:processingEndsOn — processing ends on top Data Properties ToC

Waste ends beging processed on a given date.

has domain
s4envi:Waste
has range
xsd:date

Named Individuals

s4envi:AverageSpeedLimit — Average speed limit top Named Individuals ToC

Mean speed limit for a road segment or an itinerary.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:BiodegradableWaste — Biodegradable waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste that is biodegradable, such as food waste or waste from green spaces.

s4envi:CarbonDioxide — Carbon dioxide top Named Individuals ToC

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

s4envi:CargoBicycle — Cargo bicycle top Named Individuals ToC

Human-powered vehicle in the form of a bicycle (mechanical or electrical) featuring a storage area for transporting loads.

s4envi:ColdCompostingFunction — Cold composting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of cold composting.

s4envi:CollectionReferencePeriod — Collection reference period top Named Individuals ToC

To be used in conjunction with s4envi:CollectionsPerReferencePeriod to describe the frequency at which waste is collected from a collection point. Waste is collected from a collection point X times every Y [time unit], where X is the unitless value of s4envi:CollectionsPerReferencePeriod, Y is the value of s4envi:CollectionReferencePeriod and [time unit] is the unit of measurement of Y. For example, waste that is collected from a collection point 3 times every 2 weeks would have X = 3, Y = 2 and a [time unit] of 'week'.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:CollectionsPerReferencePeriod — Collections per reference period top Named Individuals ToC

To be used in conjunction with s4envi:CollectionReferencePeriod to describe the frequency at which waste is collected from a collection point. Waste is collected from a collection point X times every Y [time unit], where X is the unitless value of s4envi:CollectionsPerReferencePeriod, Y is the value of s4envi:CollectionReferencePeriod and [time unit] is the unit of measurement of Y. For example, waste that is collected from a collection point 3 times every 2 weeks would have X = 3, Y = 2 and a [time unit] of 'week'.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:Color — Color top Named Individuals ToC

Color of the emitted light. It might be indicated by named colors or using other type of color values like hexadecimal for RGB, color temperature, etc.

s4envi:Compost — Compost top Named Individuals ToC

Material obtained by decomposition of a mixture consisting principally of various vegetable residues, occasionally with organic materials of animal origin, and having a limited mineral content (source: ISO 8157:2022, clause 3.2.8.6).

s4envi:Composting — Composting top Named Individuals ToC

Aerobic process designed to produce compost (source: ISO 18606:2013, clause 3.2).

s4envi:ConcreteConstructionWaste — Concrete construction waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of concrete, and which arises from construction, renovation or demolition activities (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.4).

s4envi:ConstructionWaste — Construction waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste which arises from construction, renovation or demolition activities (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.4).

s4envi:Diesel — Diesel top Named Individuals ToC

Hydrocarbon fuel, or blend thereof, that is liquid at atmospheric pressure and is used in compression-ignition engines (source: ISO 10088:2022, clause 3.7).

s4envi:Disassembly — Disassembly top Named Individuals ToC

Taking apart of an assembled product into constituent materials and/or components (source: ISO 8887-1:2017, clause 3.1.3).

s4envi:DisassemblyFunction — Disassembly function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of disassembling.

s4envi:Duration — Duration top Named Individuals ToC

Duration in time of a journey.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:Electricity — Electricity top Named Individuals ToC

Energy in the form of electricity.

s4envi:Energy — Energy top Named Individuals ToC

A primary raw resource that can take the form of heat or electricity.

s4envi:FlashingLight — Flashing Light top Named Individuals ToC

A light source that has flash.

s4envi:Fluorescence — Fluorescence top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property fluorescence.

s4envi:FoodWaste — Food waste top Named Individuals ToC

Food that is discarded along the food chain (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.7).

s4envi:Frequency — Frequency top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the property frequency.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:GardenParkWaste — Garden and park waste top Named Individuals ToC

Tree trunks and branches, plant parts and trimmings generated during the maintenance and pruning of trees and plants (source: ISO 24161:2022).

s4envi:Geometry — Geometry top Named Individuals ToC

The shape of a light emission. It may be described by individuals like "spherical", "cylindrical", etc. even though it is open to more complex representation of geometries using other vocabularies.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:GlassWaste — Glass waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of glass.

belongs to
s4envi:WasteKind

s4envi:Heat — Heat top Named Individuals ToC

s4envi:HeavyMetal — Heavy metal top Named Individuals ToC

Heavy metals are elements that are toxic to human health, animals and plants. Cadmium, mercury and lead are examples of heavy metals.

s4envi:Height — Height top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the property height.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:HouseholdWaste — Household waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste, but not hazardous waste, that arises from the domestic use of a private dwelling (source: ISO 6707-1:2020, clause 3.8.17).

belongs to
s4envi:WasteKind

s4envi:HumanSortingFunction — Human sorting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of sorting carrired out by a human.

s4envi:Hydrocarbon — Hydrocarbon top Named Individuals ToC

Chemical compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon (source: ISO 5149-1:2014, clause 3.7.5).

s4envi:Illuminance — Illuminance top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property illuminance.

s4envi:Incineration — Incineration top Named Individuals ToC

Thermal destruction of waste by a process of controlled high-temperature combustion with or without energy recovery (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.3.6). Energy recovery is the process of treating waste products by thermal, chemical or biological processes to recover energy or products for energy production (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.3.5).

s4envi:IncinerationFunction — Incineration function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of incinerating.

s4envi:IndividualHouseContainer — Individual house container top Named Individuals ToC

Individual container attributed to a house.

s4envi:Irradiance — Irradiance top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property irradiance.

s4envi:Landfill — Landfill top Named Individuals ToC

Deposition of waste into or onto the land as a means of disposal (source: ISO 18400-204:2017, clause 3.10).

s4envi:LandfillFunction — Landfill function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of landfilling.

s4envi:Length — Length top Named Individuals ToC

Length in distance of a journey or an itinerary.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:LightAbsorption — Light absorption top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property light absorption.

s4envi:LightMagnitude — Light magnitude top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property light magnitude.

s4envi:LightProjectionDirection — light projection direction top Named Individuals ToC

The direction in which a light is projected.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:LightProjectionHeight — light projection height top Named Individuals ToC

The height from which a light is projected.

s4envi:Lorry — Lorry top Named Individuals ToC

Electric, gas-powered or internal-combustion engine vehicle featuring a rear storage area for transporting loads.

s4envi:Luminescence — Luminescence top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property luminescence.

s4envi:Mass — Mass top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the property mass.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:MassCapacity — Mass capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Maximal capacity of a container in terms of mass.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:MaximumSpeed — Maximum speed top Named Individuals ToC

Highest speed at which a waste collection vehicle can go.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:MechanicalSortingFunction — Mechanical sorting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of sorting carried out by using mechanical forces.

s4envi:Methanisation — Methanisation top Named Individuals ToC

Process of controlled decomposition of biodegradable materials under managed conditions where free oxygen is absent, at temperatures suitable for naturally occurring mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic and facultative bacteria species, that convert the inputs to a methane rich biogas and digestate (source: ISO 18606:2013, clause 3.10).

s4envi:MethanisationFunction — Methanisation function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of methanising.

s4envi:NonResidentialBuildingContainer — Non-residential building container top Named Individuals ToC

Container attributed to a non-residential building.

s4envi:ObservationFrequency — observation frequency top Named Individuals ToC

The frequency at which a sensor makes observations.

s4envi:OpticalSortingFunction — Optical sorting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of sorting carried out by using optical sensors.

s4envi:PaperCardboardWaste — Paper and cardboard waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of paper and carboard.

belongs to
s4envi:WasteKind

s4envi:Period — Period top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the property period.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:Pesticide — Pesticide top Named Individuals ToC

Substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or reducing any pest or weeds (source: ISO 27065:2017, clause 3.9).

s4envi:Phosphorescence — Phosphorescence top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property phosphorescence.

s4envi:Photometer — Photometer top Named Individuals ToC

A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces.

s4envi:PlasticWaste — Plastic waste top Named Individuals ToC

Discarded material which contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.28).

belongs to
s4envi:WasteKind

s4envi:Population — Population top Named Individuals ToC

Total number of people living within a perimeter.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:ReflectionOfLight — Reflection of light top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property reflection of light.

s4envi:ScatteringOfLight — Scattering of light top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the light property scattering of light.

s4envi:SecondaryElectricity — Secondary electricity top Named Individuals ToC

Electricity recovered from a previous use or from waste.

s4envi:SecondaryEnergy — Secondary energy top Named Individuals ToC

Energy recovered from a previous use or from waste (source: ISO 21928-2:2023, clause 3.36).

s4envi:SecondaryHeat — Secondary heat top Named Individuals ToC

Heat recovered from a previous use or from waste.

s4envi:SharedResidentialBuildingContainer — Shared residential building container top Named Individuals ToC

Shared container attributed to a residential building.

s4envi:Sorting — Sorting top Named Individuals ToC

Separating into different categories.

s4envi:TESS — TESS (Telescope Encoder and Sky Sensor) top Named Individuals ToC

The Telescope Encoder and Sky Sensor (TESS) is a Sky Brightness and Cloud detector developed as a device for a remote observatory. A TESS can observe the light magnitude and other properties as ambient temperature and sky temperature.

s4envi:TextileWaste — Textile waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of textile.

belongs to
s4envi:WasteKind

s4envi:TransmissionPeriod — transmission period top Named Individuals ToC

The period of information transmission by a device.

s4envi:VermicompostingFunction — Vermicomposting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of vermicomposting.

s4envi:Volume — Volume top Named Individuals ToC

An individual representing the property volume.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:VolumeCapacity — Volume capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Maximal capacity of a container in terms of volume.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:VoluntaryDropOffContainer — Voluntary drop-off container top Named Individuals ToC

Container not attributed to a building but rather located in a public area. Relies on the user voluntarily making the trip to the container to dispose of their waste.

s4envi:WasteGenerationRate — Waste generation rate top Named Individuals ToC

Rate at which waste is generated by a waste producer.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:WasteProcessingCapacity — Waste processing capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Maximal capacity of a waste processing site in terms of volume or mass of waste processed per unit of time.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4envi:WindrowCompostingFunction — Windrow composting function top Named Individuals ToC

Function of windrow composting.

s4envi:WoodConstructionWaste — Wood construction waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of wood, including pallets, crates, boxes, furniture and planks (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.33) and which arises from construction, renovation or demolition activities (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.4).

s4envi:WoodWaste — Wood waste top Named Individuals ToC

Waste from discarded products and materials made of wood, including pallets, crates, boxes, furniture and planks (source: ISO 24161:2022, clause 3.1.2.33).

s4envi:Yield — Yield top Named Individuals ToC

Ratio of input waste to output resource.

belongs to
saref:Property

References

Normative references

Informative references

  • [i.1] ETSI TS 103 410-2 (V1.1.2): "SmartM2M; Extension to SAREF; Part 2: Environment Domain".
  • [i.2] ETSI TR 103 411: "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; SAREF extension investigation".
  • [i.3] ETSI TR 103 781 (V1.1.1): "SmartM2M; Study for SAREF ontology patterns and usage guidelines".
  • [i.4] Zamorano, J., García, C., González, R, Gallego, J., Pascual, S., Tapia, C., Nievas, M., Sánchez, A., Cardiel, N. Deliverable D4.1: "Photometer sensor (prototype)". STARS4ALL project. March 30th, 2016.
  • [i.5] "Variación espacial, temporal y espectral de la contaminación lumínica y sus fuentes: Metodología y resultados". Ph.D. thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. February, 2015.
  • [i.6] ISO 6707-1:2020: "Buildings and civil engineering works -- Vocabulary -- Part 1: General terms".
  • [i.7] ISO 24161:2022: "Waste collection and transportation management -- Vocabulary".
  • [i.8] ISO 18606:2013: "Packaging and the environment -- Organic recycling".
  • [i.9] ISO 59004:2024: "Circular economy -- Vocabulary, principles and guidance for implementation".
  • [i.10] ISO 27065:2017: "Protective clothing -- Performance requirements for protective clothing worn by operators applying pesticides and for re-entry workers".
  • [i.11] ISO 5149-1:2014: "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -- Safety and environmental requirements -- Part 1: Definitions, classification and selection criteria".
  • [i.12] ISO 10088:2022: "Small craft -- Permanently installed fuel".
  • [i.13] ISO 8157:2022: "Fertilizers, soil conditioners and beneficial substances -- Vocabulary".
  • [i.14] ISO 8887-1: "Technical product documentation -- Design for manufacturing, assembling, disassembling and end-of-life processing -- Part 1: General concepts and requirements".
  • [i.15] ISO 18400-204:2017: "Soil quality -- Sampling -- Part 204: Guidance on sampling of soil gas".
  • [i.16] Tanenbaum, A. S. (2003): "Computer networks", 4th edition, ed: Prentice Hall.
  • [i.17] OpenstreetMap Wiki: "Proposal: Key: light source".
  • [i.18] ISO 21928-2:2023:"Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works -- Sustainability indicators. Part 2: Framework for the development of indicators for civil engineering works".

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank the ETSI SmartM2M technical committee for providing guidance and expertise.

Also, many thanks to the ETSI staff and all other current and former active Participants of the ETSI SmartM2M group for their support, technical input and suggestions that led to improvements to this ontology.

Also, special thanks goes to the ETSI SmartM2M Technical Officer Guillemin Patrick for his help.