SAREF4BLDG: an extension of SAREF for the building domain

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https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/
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https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10341003/02.01.01_60/ts_10341003v020101p.pdf
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https://saref.etsi.org/sources/saref4bldg/
Publication Date
2025-04-24
Last Modification Date
2025-04-24
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Prefix and namespace declaration
Turtle: @prefix s4bldg: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/> .
SPARQL: PREFIX s4bldg: <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/>
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NOTE: The text in this section is extracted from ETSI TS 103 410-3 (V2.1.1) [0], and therefore falls inside the ETSI IPR Policy

SAREF4BLDG ontology and semantics

Introduction

The present document is a technical specification of SAREF4BLDG, an extension of the SAREF ontology [1] that was created based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard for building information. It should be noted that not the whole standard has been transformed since it exceeds the scope of this extension, which is limited to devices and appliances within the building domain.

The present document is a major revision of SAREF4BLDG ontology extension, developed in the context of the STF 653 (https://portal.etsi.org/xtfs/#/xTF/653/), using updated reference ontology patterns specified in ETSI TS 103 548 [2] to solve the harmonization needs identified in ETSI TR 103 781 [i.6], with updated development framework and tools defined in ETSI TS 103 673 [i.7].

ETSI TS 103 410-3 [i.5] has been developed in the context of the STF 513, an ETSI specialists task force that was established with the goal to deliver the SAREF Core V2 and to extend SAREF id for the domains of Environment, Buildings and Energy (see https://portal.etsi.org/STF/STFs/STF-HomePages/STF513). The IFC specification is developed and maintained by buildingSMART International as its "Data standard" and, since its version IFC4, it is published as ISO 16739 [i.2]. SAREF4BLDG is meant to enable the (currently missing) interoperability among various actors (architects, engineers, consultants, contractors, and product component manufacturers, among others) and applications managing building information involved in the different phases of the building life cycle (Planning and Design, Construction, Commissioning, Operation, Retrofitting/Refurbishment/Reconfiguration, and Demolition/Recycling). By using SAREF4BLDG, smart appliances from manufacturers that support the IFC data model will easily communicate with each other. Towards this aim, SAREF4BLDG should be used to annotate (or generate) neutral device descriptions to be shared among various stakeholders.

SAREF4BLDG is an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF with 72 classes (67 defined in SAREF4EBLDG and 5 reused from the SAREF and geo ontologies), and 77 data type properties (76 defined in SAREF4EBLDG and 1 reused from the SAREF ontology).

SAREF4BLDG focuses on extending the SAREF ontology to include those devices defined by the IFC version 4 - Addendum 1 [i.3] and to enable the representation of such devices and other physical objects in building spaces.

The prefixes and namespaces used in SAREF4BLDG and along the present document are listed in Table 1.

Prefix Namespace
dct http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
owl http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
rdf http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
s4bldg https://saref.etsi.org/saref4bldg/
saref https://saref.etsi.org/core/
vann http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
Table 1: Namespace Declarations

SAREF4BLDG

General overview

Figure 1 presents an overview of the classes (only the top levels of the hierarchy) and the properties included in the SAREF4BLDG extension. As it can be observed the classes s4bldg:Building, s4bldg:BuildingSpace and s4bldg:PhysicalObject have been declared as subclasses of the class geo:SpatialThing in order to reuse the conceptualization for locations already proposed by the geo ontology. The modelling of building objects and building spaces has been adapted from the SAREF ontology; in this sense, the new classes deprecate the saref:BuildingObject and saref:BuildingSpace classes. In addition, a new class has been created, the s4bldg:Building class, to represent buildings.

The concepts s4bldg:Building and s4bldg:BuildingSpace are related to each other by means of the properties s4bldg:hasSpace and s4bldg:isSpaceOf; such properties are defined as inverse properties among them. These properties might also be used to declare that a s4bldg:BuildingSpace has other spaces belonging to the class s4bldg:BuildingSpace.

The relationship between building spaces and devices and building objects has also been transferred and generalized from the SAREF ontology. In this regard, a s4bldg:BuildingSpace can contain (represented by the property s4bldg:contains) individuals belonging to the class s4bldg:PhysicalObject. This generalization has been implemented in order to support building spaces to contain both building objects and devices. Accordingly, the classes s4bldg:BuildingObject and saref:Device are declared as subclasses of s4bldg:PhysicalObject.

Finally, the class representing building devices, namely s4bldg:BuildingDevice, is defined as a subclass of both saref:Device and s4bldg:BuildingObject. This class is a candidate for replacing the saref:BuildingRelated class.

General overview of the top levels of the SAREF4BLDG extension
Figure 1: General overview of the top levels of the SAREF4BLDG extension

Table 2 summarizes the restrictions that characterize a s4bldg:BuildingSpace.

Table 2: Restrictions of the s4bldg:BuildingSpace class
Property Definition
s4bldg:contains only s4bldg:PhysicalObject A building space contains entities represented only by instances of s4bldg:PhysicalObject.
s4bldg:hasSpace only s4bldg:BuildingSpace A building has spaces represented only by instances of s4bldg:BuildingSpace.
s4bldg:isSpaceOf only (s4bldg:Building or s4bldg:BuildingSpace) A building is spaces of entities represented only by instances of the classes s4bldg:Building or s4bldg:BuildingSpace.

Table 3 summarizes the restrictions that characterize a s4bldg:PhysicalObject.

Table 3: Restrictions of the s4bldg:PhysicalObject class
Property Definition
s4bldg:contains only s4bldg:PhysicalObject A physical object contains entities represented only by instances of s4bldg:PhysicalObject.
s4bldg:isContained only (s4bldg:Building or s4bldg:BuildingSpace) A physical object is contained in entities represented only by instances of the classes s4bldg:Building or s4bldg:BuildingSpace.

Device Taxonomy

The main contribution of this extension is the representation of the devices defined in the IFC standard and their connections to SAREF. In this sense, a hierarchy consisting in 62 classes has been created taking into account the subset of the IFC hierarchy related to devices, as defined in the buildingSMART documentation (https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4/ADD1/HTML/annex/annex-c/common-use-definitions/index.htm), and adding several classes to clarify its categorization. The device classes are organized into 6 hierarchical levels that, for the sake of clarity, will be displayed in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

Figure 2 shows the first five levels of the hierarchy. Since transport elements (s4bldg:TransportElement) and vibration isolations (s4bldg:VibrationIsolation) are not classified under IFC elements, they belong directly to the class s4bldg:Device. The building elements are divided into s4bldg:ShadingDevice and s4bldg:DistributionDevice. In fact, most of the device types included in IFC belong to the distribution device category which contains the classes s4bldg:DistributionControlDevice and s4bldg:DistributionFlowDevice. The hierarchy under the s4bldg:DistributionFlowDevice is depicted in Figure 3.

As can be observed in Figure 2, some classes defined in SAREF4BLDG are also defined in the SAREF ontology. More precisely, this occurs in the classes s4bldg:Actuator and s4bldg:Sensor that extend the classes saref:Actuator and saref:Sensor, respectively. This decision has been taken because in the SAREF4BLDG extension these concepts refer to specific sensors and actuators that are placed in or related to buildings.

Device hierarchy in SAREF4BLDG (Part 1)
Figure 2: Device hierarchy in SAREF4BLDG (Part 1)
Device hierarchy in SAREF4BLDG (Part 2)
Figure 3: Device hierarchy in SAREF4BLDG (Part 2)

For each class extracted from the IFC specification, rdfs:label and rdfs:comment annotations have been generated including the identifier and an excerpt of the definition provided in the IFC online documentation. In addition, provenance information has been included using the PROV-O ontology (https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/), which has been published by the W3C as recommendation. In our case, the property prov:hadPrimarySource is used to link each class with:

a) the online document in IFC describing the concept; and

b) the online document in IFC describing the properties defined for such concept.

It should be noted that properties are not specified in IFC for all the concepts but just for those representing particular devices. That is, there is no description of properties for the following general classes:

s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice, s4bldg:FlowController, s4bldg:FlowMovingDevice, s4bldg:FlowStorageDevice, s4bldg:FlowTerminal, and s4bldg:FlowTreatmentDevice.

In addition, the classes created in this extension have been related to the ifcOWL ontology (https://w3id.org/ifc/IFC4_ADD1) when possible. This relation has been declared by means of the annotation property rdfs:seeAlso from the SAREF4BLDG classes to the ifcOWL ones. Listing 1 includes an excerpt of the ontology in the Turtle syntax that shows an example of a class including the annotations from the IFC specification, provenance references to the IFC class and property definition, and the mapping to the corresponding ifcOWL concept.

### Class definition 
s4bldg:Compressor rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Compressor"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf s4bldg:FlowMovingDevice ;
    rdfs:comment "A compressor is a device that compresses a fluid typically used in a refrigeration circuit."@en ; 
### Provenance information for class definition
    prov:hadPrimarySource <http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/Add1/html/ schema/ifchvacdomain/lexical/ifccompressor.htm> ;
### Provenance information for class properties       
    prov:hadPrimarySource <http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifc/IFC4/Add1/html/ schema/ifchvacdomain/pset/pset_compressortypecommon.htm> ;
### Mapping to ifcOWL classes       
  rdfs:seeAlso <https://w3id.org/ifc/IFC4_ADD1#IfcCompressor> .
Listing 1: Class definition example including documentation, mappings and provenance information

Device Properties

In the SAREF4BLDG extension 177 instance of the class saref:Property and 77 datatype properties (82 defined in SAREF4EBLDG and 1 reused from the SAREF ontology) have been included. 172 out the 177 properties and 75 out of the 83 datatype properties have been created according to the IFC specification of properties for devices.

For each of the created object and datatype properties, their documentation from IFC has been attached as documentation, including information about their use, such as the expected units of measurement.

The naming of the created object and datatype properties is consistent with the naming used in IFC. More precisely, the names of the properties in the ontology are the names assigned in IFC transformed into Camel Case starting with lowercase. For example, the property "IdealShaftPower" (extracted from https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4/ADD1/HTML/schema/ifchvacdomain/pset/pset_compressortypecommon.htm) has been transformed into the object property s4bldg:idealShaftPower.

Listing 2 includes an excerpt of the ontology in the Turtle syntax that shows an example of an object property and a datatype property including the annotations from the IFC specification.

### Object property definition example
s4bldg:idealShaftPower rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:comment "Compressor shaft power under ideal conditions. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s)."@en ;
  rdfs:label "ideal shaft power"@en . 
### Datatype property definition example
s4bldg:hasHotGasBypass rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
  rdfs:comment "Whether or not hot gas bypass is provided for the compressor. TRUE = Yes, FALSE = No."@en ;
  rdfs:label "has hot gas bypass"@en .
Listing 2: Property definition example including documentation

Table 5 shows the list of datatype properties extracted from IFC and the classes for which each property might be applied.

Table 5: List of datatype properties extracted from IFC and the classes for which the properties are defined
Datatype properties Class(es)
s4bldg:accessType s4bldg:Tank
s4bldg:application s4bldg:Humidifier
s4bldg:arrangement s4bldg:HeatExchanger
s4bldg:bladeAction s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:bladeEdge s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:bladeShape s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:capacityControl s4bldg:CoolingTower
s4bldg:capacityControlType s4bldg:Fan
s4bldg:capacityPeople s4bldg:TransportElement
s4bldg:circuitType s4bldg:CoolingTower
s4bldg:colorAppearance s4bldg:Lamp
s4bldg:colorRenderingIndex s4bldg:Lamp
s4bldg:controlStrategy s4bldg:CoolingTower
s4bldg:endShapeType s4bldg:Tank
s4bldg:energySource s4bldg:Burner
s4bldg:Engine
s4bldg:SpaceHeater
s4bldg:Boiler
s4bldg:evaporationCoolant s4bldg:Evaporator
s4bldg:evaporationMediumType s4bldg:Evaporator
s4bldg:failPosition s4bldg:Actuator
s4bldg:finishColor s4bldg:CooledBeam
s4bldg:fireExit s4bldg:TransportElement
s4bldg:flowArrangement s4bldg:EvaporativeCooler
s4bldg:CoolingTower
s4bldg:frameSize s4bldg:ElectricMotor
s4bldg:frameType s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:hasDefrost s4bldg:AirToAirHeatRecovery
s4bldg:hasExteriorInsulation s4bldg:DuctSilencer
s4bldg:hasHotGasBypass s4bldg:Compressor
s4bldg:hasLock s4bldg:SwitchingDevice
s4bldg:hasPartWinding s4bldg:ElectricMotor
s4bldg:hasTurbulator s4bldg:TubeBundle
s4bldg:heatTransferDimension s4bldg:SpaceHeater
s4bldg:heatTransferMedium s4bldg:SpaceHeater
s4bldg:heatTransferTypeEnum s4bldg:AirToAirHeatRecovery
s4bldg:integratedLightingType s4bldg:CooledBeam
s4bldg:internalControl s4bldg:Humidifier
s4bldg:isExternal s4bldg:ShadingDevice
s4bldg:isFreeHanging s4bldg:CooledBeam
s4bldg:isGuarded s4bldg:ElectricMotor
s4bldg:isIlluminated s4bldg:SwitchingDevice
s4bldg:isNeutralPrimaryTerminalAvailable s4bldg:Transformer
s4bldg:isNeutralSecondaryTerminalAvailable s4bldg:Transformer
s4bldg:isPluggableOutlet s4bldg:Outlet
s4bldg:isWaterStorageHeater s4bldg:Boiler
s4bldg:lampBallastType s4bldg:Lamp
s4bldg:lampCompensationType s4bldg:Lamp
s4bldg:legend s4bldg:SwitchingDevice
s4bldg:manualOverride s4bldg:Actuator
s4bldg:mechanicalOperated s4bldg:ShadingDevice
s4bldg:mediaSource s4bldg:AudioVisualAppliance
s4bldg:motorDriveType s4bldg:Fan
s4bldg:motorEnclosureType s4bldg:ElectricMotor
s4bldg:operatingMode s4bldg:Boiler
s4bldg:operation s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:orientation s4bldg:Damper
s4bldg:patternType s4bldg:Tank
s4bldg:pipeConnectionEnum s4bldg:CooledBeam
s4bldg:placementType s4bldg:Coil
s4bldg:SpaceHeater
s4bldg:powerSource s4bldg:Compressor
s4bldg:readOutType s4bldg:FlowMeter
s4bldg:refrigerantClass s4bldg:Evaporator
s4bldg:Compressor
s4bldg:Condenser
s4bldg:remoteReading s4bldg:FlowMeter
s4bldg:roughness s4bldg:ShadingDevice
s4bldg:secondaryCurrentType s4bldg:Transformer
s4bldg:shadingDeviceType s4bldg:ShadingDevice
s4bldg:shortCircuitVoltage s4bldg:Transformer
s4bldg:sprayType s4bldg:CoolingTower
s4bldg:standard s4bldg:ProtectiveDeviceTrippingUnit
s4bldg:storageType s4bldg:Tank
s4bldg:switchFunction s4bldg:SwitchingDevice
s4bldg:temperatureClassification s4bldg:SpaceHeater
s4bldg:transformerVectorGroup s4bldg:Transformer
s4bldg:valveMechanism s4bldg:Valve
s4bldg:valveOperation s4bldg:Valve
s4bldg:valvePattern s4bldg:Valve
s4bldg:waterFlowControlSystemType s4bldg:CooledBeam

As an example of a complete class definition including all its properties, Table 6 summarizes the restrictions that characterize a s4bldg:Compressor, using the properties extracted from IFC. The example contains different types of properties that are representative enough for the rest of the transformed classes. It should be noted that the full ontology documentation will be available online in HTML format, since including all the restrictions in the present document would make it unmanageable.

Table 6: Restrictions of the s4bldg:Compressor class
Property Definition
s4bldg:powerSource only xsd:string The power source of a compressor value is indicated only by xsd:string.
s4bldg:refrigerantClass only xsd:string The refrigeration class of a compressor value is indicated only by xsd:string.
s4bldg:hasHotGasBypass only xsd:boolean Whether a compressor has a hot gas bypass is indicated only by values of xsd:boolean.

Discussions about SAREF4BLDG

In the following, several observations about potential uses of the SAREF4BLDG ontology are listed.

It should be mentioned that the range of the s4bldg:shortCircuitVoltage object property is open to different representations of complex numbers. In this sense, when reusing the ontology users should define the class to be used to represent complex numbers or reuse an existing one.

In addition, the list of building devices should not be considered exhaustive, the current classification represents those devices described in IFC. It might be needed to extend the hierarchy in the case of new devices related to buildings are described in new versions of IFC or are needed for a particular use case.

Furthermore, it is expected that concrete use cases will either reuse the existing classes to represent their devices or specialize some of these classes to cover specific device types (e.g. by creating a hierarchy of boiler devices under the s4bldg:Boiler class).

Ontology Reference

s4bldg:Actuator — Actuator top Classes ToC

An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. An actuator takes energy, usually created by air, electricity, or liquid, and converts that into some kind of motion.

s4bldg:AirToAirHeatRecovery — Air to air heat recovery top Classes ToC

An air-to-air heat recovery device employs a counter-flow heat exchanger between inbound and outbound air flow. It is typically used to transfer heat from warmer air in one chamber to cooler air in the second chamber (i.e., typically used to recover heat from the conditioned air being exhausted and the outside air being supplied to a building), resulting in energy savings from reduced heating (or cooling) requirements.

s4bldg:Alarm — Alarm top Classes ToC

An alarm is a device that signals the existence of a condition or situation that is outside the boundaries of normal expectation or that activates such a device.

Alarms include the provision of break glass buttons and manual pull boxes that are used to activate alarms.

s4bldg:AudioVisualAppliance — Audio visual appliance top Classes ToC

An audio-visual appliance is a device that displays, captures, transmits, or receives audio or video.

Audio-visual appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. They may require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source. Audio-visual appliances may be connected to data circuits including specialist circuits for audio visual purposes only.

s4bldg:Boiler — Boiler top Classes ToC

A boiler is a closed, pressure-rated vessel in which water or other fluid is heated using an energy source such as natural gas, heating oil, or electricity. The fluid in the vessel is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.

s4bldg:Building — Building top Classes ToC

A building represents a structure that provides shelter for its occupants or contents and stands in one place. The building is also used to provide a basic element within the spatial structure hierarchy for the components of a building project (together with site, storey, and space).

s4bldg:BuildingDevice — Building device top Classes ToC

A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task in a building.

s4bldg:BuildingObject — Building object top Classes ToC

An object in the building that can be controlled by devices, such as a door or a window that can be automatically opened or closed by an actuator. (Definition taken from SAREF 1.0)

has super-classes
s4bldg:PhysicalObject
has sub-classes
s4bldg:BuildingDevice

s4bldg:BuildingSpace — Building space top Classes ToC

An entity used to define the physical spaces of the building. A building space contains devices or building objects.

s4bldg:Burner — Burner top Classes ToC

A burner is a device that converts fuel into heat through combustion. It includes gas, oil, and wood burners.

has super-classes
s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice

s4bldg:Chiller — Chiller top Classes ToC

A chiller is a device used to remove heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle to cool a fluid, typically water or a mixture of water and glycol. The chilled fluid is then used to cool and dehumidify air in a building.

s4bldg:Coil — Coil top Classes ToC

A coil is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media. A common example is a cooling coil, which utilizes a finned coil in which circulates chilled water, antifreeze, or refrigerant that is used to remove heat from air moving across the surface of the coil. A coil may be used either for heating or cooling purposes by placing a series of tubes (the coil) carrying a heating or cooling fluid into an airstream. The coil may be constructed from tubes bundled in a serpentine form or from finned tubes that give a extended heat transfer surface.

Coils may also be used for non-airflow cases such as embedded in a floor slab.

s4bldg:CommunicationAppliance — Communication appliance top Classes ToC

A communications appliance transmits and receives electronic or digital information as data or sound.

Communication appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Communication appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:Condenser — Condenser top Classes ToC

A condenser is a device that is used to dissipate heat, typically by condensing a substance such as a refrigerant from its gaseous to its liquid state.

s4bldg:Controller — Controller top Classes ToC

A controller is a device that monitors inputs and controls outputs within a building automation system.

A controller may be physical (having placement within a spatial structure) or logical (a software interface or aggregated within a programmable physical controller).

s4bldg:CooledBeam — Cooled beam top Classes ToC

A cooled beam (or chilled beam) is a device typically used to cool air by circulating a fluid such as chilled water through exposed finned tubes above a space. Typically mounted overhead near or within a ceiling, the cooled beam uses convection to cool the space below it by acting as a heat sink for the naturally rising warm air of the space. Once cooled, the air naturally drops back to the floor where the cycle begins again.

s4bldg:CoolingTower — Cooling tower top Classes ToC

s4bldg:DistributionControlDevice — Distribution control device top Classes ToC

Represents devices of a building automation control system that are used to impart control over elements of a distribution system. (Definition adapated from https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4_1/FINAL/HTML/schema/ifcsharedbldgserviceelements/lexical/ifcdistributioncontrolelement.htm)

s4bldg:DistributionDevice — Distribution device top Classes ToC

Generalization of all devices that participate in a distribution system. (Definition adapated from https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4_1/FINAL/HTML/schema/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcdistributionelement.htm)

s4bldg:DistributionFlowDevice — DistributionFlowDevice top Classes ToC

Represents devices of a distribution system that facilitate the distribution of energy or matter, such as air, water or power. (Definition adapated from https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4_1/FINAL/HTML/schema/ifcsharedbldgserviceelements/lexical/ifcdistributionflowelement.htm)

s4bldg:DuctSilencer — Duct silencer top Classes ToC

A duct silencer is a device that is typically installed inside a duct distribution system for the purpose of reducing the noise levels from air movement, fan noise, etc. in the adjacent space or downstream of the duct silencer device.

s4bldg:ElectricAppliance — Electric appliance top Classes ToC

An electric appliance is a device intended for consumer usage that is powered by electricity.

Electric appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Electric appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:ElectricFlowStorageDevice — Electric flow storage device top Classes ToC

An electric flow storage device is a device in which electrical energy is stored and from which energy may be progressively released.

s4bldg:ElectricGenerator — Electric generator top Classes ToC

An electric generator is an engine that is a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

s4bldg:ElectricMotor — Electric motor top Classes ToC

s4bldg:ElectricTimeControl — Electric time control top Classes ToC

An electric time control is a device that applies control to the provision or flow of electrical energy over time.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowController

s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice — Energy conversion device top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element EnergyConversionDevice defines the occurrence of a device used to perform energy conversion or heat transfer and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

s4bldg:Engine — Engine top Classes ToC

An engine is a device that converts fuel into mechanical energy through combustion.

has super-classes
s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice

s4bldg:EvaporativeCooler — Evaporative cooler top Classes ToC

An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air by saturating it with water vapor.

s4bldg:FireSuppressionTerminal — Fire suppression terminal top Classes ToC

A fire suppression terminal has the purpose of delivering a fluid (gas or liquid) that will suppress a fire.

A fire suppression terminal provides for all forms of sprinkler, spreader and other form of terminal that is connected to a pipework system and intended to act in the role of suppressing a fire.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:FlowController — Flow controller top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element FlowController defines the occurrence of elements of a distribution system that are used to regulate flow through a distribution system. Examples include dampers, valves, switches, and relays.

s4bldg:FlowInstrument — Flow instrument top Classes ToC

A flow instrument reads and displays the value of a particular property of a system at a point, or displays the difference in the value of a property between two points.

Instrumentation is typically for the purpose of determining the value of the property at a point in time. It is not the purpose of an instrument to record or integrate the values over time (although they may be connected to recording devices that do perform such a function). This entity provides for all forms of mechanical flow instrument (thermometers, pressure gauges etc.) and electrical flow instruments (ammeters, voltmeters etc.)

s4bldg:FlowMeter — Flow meter top Classes ToC

A flow meter is a device that is used to measure the flow rate in a system.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowController

s4bldg:FlowMovingDevice — Flow moving device top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element FlowMovingDevice defines the occurrence of an apparatus used to distribute, circulate or perform conveyance of fluids, including liquids and gases (such as a pump or fan), and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

s4bldg:FlowStorageDevice — Flow storage device top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element FlowStorageDevice defines the occurrence of a device that participates in a distribution system and is used for temporary storage (such as a tank).

s4bldg:FlowTerminal — Flow terminal top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element FlowTerminal defines the occurrence of a permanently attached element that acts as a terminus or beginning of a distribution system (such as an air outlet, drain, water closet, or sink). A terminal is typically a point at which a system interfaces with an external environment.

s4bldg:FlowTreatmentDevice — Flow treatment device top Classes ToC

The distribution flow element FlowTreatmentDevice defines the occurrence of a device typically used to remove unwanted matter from a fluid, either liquid or gas, and typically participates in a flow distribution system.

s4bldg:HeatExchanger — Heat exchanger top Classes ToC

A heat exchanger is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media such as plate and shell and tube heat exchangers. HeatExchanger is commonly used on water-side distribution systems to recover energy from a liquid to another liquid (typically water-based), whereas AirToAirHeatRecovery is commonly used on air-side distribution systems to recover energy from a gas to a gas (usually air).

has super-classes
s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice

s4bldg:Humidifier — Humidifier top Classes ToC

s4bldg:Interceptor — Interceptor top Classes ToC

An interceptor is a device designed and installed in order to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matter while permitting normal sewage or liquids to discharge into a collection system by gravity.

s4bldg:MedicalDevice — Medical device top Classes ToC

A medical device is attached to a medical piping system and operates upon medical gases to perform a specific function. Medical gases include medical air, medical vacuum, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:Outlet — Outlet top Classes ToC

An outlet is a device installed at a point to receive one or more inserted plugs for electrical power or communications.

Power outlets are commonly connected within a junction box; data outlets may be directly connected to a wall. For power outlets sharing the same circuit within a junction box, the ports should indicate the logical wiring relationship to the enclosing junction box, even though they may be physically connected to a cable going to another outlet, switch, or fixture.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:PhysicalObject — Physical object top Classes ToC

Any Object that has a proper space region. (Definition extracted from DUL ontology)

s4bldg:ProtectiveDevice — Protective device top Classes ToC

A protective device breaks an electrical circuit when a stated electric current that passes through it is exceeded.

A protective device provides protection against electrical current only (not as a general protective device). It may be used to represent the complete set of elements including both the tripping unit and the breaking unit that provide the protection. This may be particularly useful at earlier stages of design where the approach to breaking the electrical supply may be determined but the method of tripping may not. Alternatively, this entity may be used to specifically represent the breaking unit alone (in which case the tripping unit will also be specifically identified). This entity is specific to dedicated protective devices and excludes electrical outlets that may have circuit protection.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowController

s4bldg:ProtectiveDeviceTrippingUnit — Protective device tripping unit top Classes ToC

A protective device tripping unit breaks an electrical circuit at a separate breaking unit when a stated electric current that passes through the unit is exceeded.

s4bldg:Pump — Pump top Classes ToC

A pump is a device which imparts mechanical work on fluids or slurries to move them through a channel or pipeline. A typical use of a pump is to circulate chilled water or heating hot water in a building services distribution system.

s4bldg:SanitaryTerminal — Sanitary terminal top Classes ToC

A sanitary terminal is a fixed appliance or terminal usually supplied with water and used for drinking, cleaning or foul water disposal or that is an item of equipment directly used with such an appliance or terminal.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowTerminal

s4bldg:Sensor — Sensor top Classes ToC

A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.

s4bldg:ShadingDevice — Shading device top Classes ToC

Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.

s4bldg:SolarDevice — Solar device top Classes ToC

A solar device converts solar radiation into other energy such as electric current or thermal energy.

has super-classes
s4bldg:EnergyConversionDevice

s4bldg:SpaceHeater — Space heater top Classes ToC

Space heaters utilize a combination of radiation and/or natural convection using a heating source such as electricity, steam or hot water to heat a limited space or area. Examples of space heaters include radiators, convectors, baseboard and finned-tube heaters.

UnitaryEquipment should be used for packaged units supporting a combination of heating, cooling, and/or dehumidification; Coil should be used for coil-based floor heating.

s4bldg:SwitchingDevice — Switching device top Classes ToC

A switch is used in a cable distribution system (electrical circuit) to control or modulate the flow of electricity.

Switches include those used for electrical power, communications, audio-visual, or other distribution system types as determined by the available ports.

has super-classes
s4bldg:FlowController

s4bldg:Transformer — Transformer top Classes ToC

A transformer is an inductive stationary device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another.

Transformer is used to transform electric power; conversion of electric signals for other purposes is handled at other entities: Controller converts arbitrary signals, AudioVisualAppliance converts signals for audio or video streams, and CommunicationsAppliance converts signals for data or other communications usage.

s4bldg:TransportElement — Transport element top Classes ToC

A transport element is a generalization of all transport related objects that move people, animals or goods within a building or building complex. The TransportElement defines the occurrence of a transport element.

s4bldg:TubeBundle — Tube bundle top Classes ToC

s4bldg:UnitaryControlElement — Unitary control element top Classes ToC

A unitary control element combines a number of control components into a single product, such as a thermostat or humidistat.

A unitary control element provides a housing for an aggregation of control or electrical distribution elements that, in combination, perform a singular (unitary) purpose. Each item in the aggregation may have its own geometric representation and location.

s4bldg:Valve — Valve top Classes ToC

A valve is used in a building services piping distribution system to control or modulate the flow of the fluid.

s4bldg:VibrationIsolator — Vibration isolator top Classes ToC

A vibration isolator is a device used to minimize the effects of vibration transmissibility in a building.

s4bldg:contains — contains top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a physical object and another physical object it contains.

has characteristics
transitive
has domain
s4bldg:PhysicalObject
has range
s4bldg:PhysicalObject
is inverse of
s4bldg:isContainedIn
s4bldg:isContainedIn

s4bldg:hasSpace — has space top Object Properties ToC

Relation between a building or a building space and the spaces it can be divided into.

has characteristics
transitive
is inverse of
s4bldg:isSpaceOf
s4bldg:isSpaceOf

s4bldg:isContainedIn — is contained in top Object Properties ToC

A relation between a physical object and the physical space in which it is contained.

has characteristics
transitive
has domain
s4bldg:PhysicalObject
has range
s4bldg:PhysicalObject
is inverse of
s4bldg:contains
s4bldg:contains

s4bldg:isSpaceOf — isSpaceOf top Object Properties ToC

Relation between a building space and the building or building space it belongs to.

has characteristics
transitive
is inverse of
s4bldg:hasSpace
s4bldg:hasSpace

s4bldg:nominalSupplyVoltageMax — nominal supply voltage offset top Object Properties ToC

The maximum and minimum allowed voltage of the supply e.g. boundaries of 380V/440V may be applied for a nominal voltage of 400V.

s4bldg:shortCircuitVoltage — short circuit voltage top Object Properties ToC

A complex number that specifies the real and imaginary parts of the short-circuit voltage at rated current of a transformer given in %.

Data Properties

s4bldg:accessType — access type top Data Properties ToC

Defines the types of access (or cover) to a tank that may be specified. Note that covers are generally specified for rectangular tanks. For cylindrical tanks, access will normally be via a manhole.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:application — application top Data Properties ToC

Humidifier application. Fixed: Humidifier installed in a ducted flow distribution system. Portable: Humidifier is not installed in a ducted flow distribution system.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:arrangement — arrangement top Data Properties ToC

Defines the basic flow arrangements for the heat exchanger: COUNTERFLOW: Counterflow heat exchanger arrangement. CROSSFLOW: Crossflow heat exchanger arrangement. PARALLELFLOW: Parallel flow heat exchanger arrangement. MULTIPASS: Multipass flow heat exchanger arrangement. OTHER: Other type of heat exchanger flow arrangement not defined above.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:bladeAction — blade action top Data Properties ToC

Blade action.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:bladeEdge — blade edge top Data Properties ToC

Blade edge.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:bladeShape — blade shape top Data Properties ToC

Blade shape. Flat means triple V-groove.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:capacityControl — capacity control top Data Properties ToC

FanCycling: Fan is cycled on and off to control duty. TwoSpeedFan: Fan is switched between low and high speed to control duty. VariableSpeedFan: Fan speed is varied to control duty. DampersControl: Dampers modulate the air flow to control duty. BypassValveControl: Bypass valve modulates the water flow to control duty. MultipleSeriesPumps: Turn on/off multiple series pump to control duty. TwoSpeedPump: Switch between high/low pump speed to control duty. VariableSpeedPump: vary pump speed to control duty.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:capacityControlType — capacity control type top Data Properties ToC

InletVane: Control by adjusting inlet vane. VariableSpeedDrive: Control by variable speed drive. BladePitchAngle: Control by adjusting blade pitch angle. TwoSpeed: Control by switch between high and low speed. DischargeDamper: Control by modulating discharge damper.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:capacityPeople — capacity people top Data Properties ToC

Capacity of the transportation element measured in numbers of person.

s4bldg:circuitType — circuit type top Data Properties ToC

OpenCircuit: Exposes water directly to the cooling atmosphere. CloseCircuit: The fluid is separated from the atmosphere by a heat exchanger. Wet: The air stream or the heat exchange surface is evaporatively cooled. Dry: No evaporation into the air stream. DryWet: A combination of a dry tower and a wet tower.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:colorAppearance — color appearance top Data Properties ToC

In both the DIN and CIE standards, artificial light sources are classified in terms of their color appearance. To the human eye they all appear to be white the difference can only be detected by direct comparison. Visual performance is not directly affected by differences in color appearance.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:colorRenderingIndex — color rendering index top Data Properties ToC

The CRI indicates how well a light source renders eight standard colors compared to perfect reference lamp with the same color temperature. The CRI scale ranges from 1 to 100, with 100 representing perfect rendering properties.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:controlStrategy — control strategy top Data Properties ToC

FixedExitingWaterTemp: The capacity is controlled to maintain a fixed exiting water temperature. WetBulbTempReset: The set-point is reset based on the wet-bulb temperature.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:endShapeType — end shape type top Data Properties ToC

Defines the types of end shapes that can be used for preformed tanks. The convention for reading these enumerated values is that for a vertical cylinder, the first value is the base and the second is the top for a horizontal cylinder, the order of reading should be left to right. For a speherical tank, the value UNSET should be used.B5

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:energySource — energy source top Data Properties ToC

The source of energy.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:evaporationCoolant — evaporation coolant top Data Properties ToC

The fluid used for the coolant in the evaporator.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:evaporationMediumType — evaporation medium type top Data Properties ToC

ColdLiquid: Evaporator is using liquid type of fluid to exchange heat with refrigerant. ColdAir: Evaporator is using air to exchange heat with refrigerant.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:failPosition — fail position top Data Properties ToC

Specifies the required fail-safe position of the actuator.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:finishColor — finish color top Data Properties ToC

Finish color for cooled beam.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:fireExit — fire exit top Data Properties ToC

Indication whether this object is designed to serve as an exit in the case of fire (TRUE) or not (FALSE). Here whether the transport element (in case of e.g., a lift) is designed to serve as a fire exit, e.g., for fire escape purposes.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:flowArrangement — flow arrangement top Data Properties ToC

CounterFlow: Air and water flow enter in different directions. CrossFlow: Air and water flow are perpendicular. ParallelFlow: air and water flow enter in same directions.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:frameSize — frame size top Data Properties ToC

Designation of the frame size according to the named range of frame sizes designated at the place of use or according to a given standard.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:frameType — frame type top Data Properties ToC

The type of frame used by the damper (e.g., Standard, Single Flange, Single Reversed Flange, Double Flange, etc.).

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:hasDefrost — has defrost top Data Properties ToC

Whether the heat exchanger has defrost function or not.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:hasExteriorInsulation — has exterior insulation top Data Properties ToC

TRUE if the silencer has exterior insulation. FALSE if it does not.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:hasHotGasBypass — has hot gas bypass top Data Properties ToC

Whether or not hot gas bypass is provided for the compressor. TRUE = Yes, FALSE = No.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:hasLock — has lock top Data Properties ToC

Indication of whether a switching device has a key operated lock (=TRUE) or not (= FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:hasPartWinding — has part winding top Data Properties ToC

Indication of whether the motor is single speed, i.e. has a single winding (= FALSE) or multi-speed i.e.has part winding (= TRUE) .

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:hasTurbulator — has turbulator top Data Properties ToC

TRUE if the tube has a turbulator, FALSE if it does not.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:heatTransferDimension — heat transfer dimension top Data Properties ToC

Indicates how heat is transmitted according to the shape of the space heater.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:heatTransferMedium — heat transfer medium top Data Properties ToC

Enumeration defining the heat transfer medium if applicable.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:heatTransferTypeEnum — heat transfer type enum top Data Properties ToC

Type of heat transfer between the two air streams.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:integratedLightingType — integrated lighting type top Data Properties ToC

Integrated lighting in cooled beam.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:internalControl — internal control top Data Properties ToC

Internal modulation control.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:isExternal — is external top Data Properties ToC

Indication whether the element is designed for use in the exterior (TRUE) or not (FALSE). If (TRUE) it is an external element and faces the outside of the building.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isFreeHanging — is free hanging top Data Properties ToC

Is it free hanging type (not mounted in a false ceiling)?

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isGuarded — is guarded top Data Properties ToC

Indication of whether the motor enclosure is guarded (= TRUE) or not (= FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isIlluminated — is illuminated top Data Properties ToC

An indication of whether there is an illuminated indicator to show that the switch is on (=TRUE) or not (= FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isNeutralPrimaryTerminalAvailable — is neutral primary terminal available top Data Properties ToC

An indication of whether the neutral point of the primary winding is available as a terminal (=TRUE) or not (= FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isNeutralSecondaryTerminalAvailable — is neutral secondary terminal available top Data Properties ToC

An indication of whether the neutral point of the secondary winding is available as a terminal (=TRUE) or not (= FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isPluggableOutlet — is pluggable outlet top Data Properties ToC

Indication of whether the outlet accepts a loose plug connection (= TRUE) or whether it is directly connected (= FALSE) or whether the form of connection has not yet been determined (= UNKNOWN).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:isWaterStorageHeater — is water storage heater top Data Properties ToC

This is used to identify if the boiler has storage capacity (TRUE). If FALSE, then there is no storage capacity built into the boiler, such as an instantaneous hot water heater.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:lampBallastType — lamp ballast type top Data Properties ToC

The type of ballast used to stabilise gas discharge by limiting the current during operation and to deliver the necessary striking voltage for starting. Ballasts are needed to operate Discharge Lamps such as Fluorescent, Compact Fluorescent, High-pressure Mercury, Metal Halide and High-pressure Sodium Lamps. Magnetic ballasts are chokes which limit the current passing through a lamp connected in series on the principle of self-induction. The resultant current and power are decisive for the efficient operation of the lamp. A specially designed ballast is required for every type of lamp to comply with lamp rating in terms of Luminous Flux, Color Appearance and service life. The two types of magnetic ballasts for fluorescent lamps are KVG Conventional (EC-A series) and VVG Low-loss ballasts (EC-B series). Low-loss ballasts have a higher efficiency, which means reduced ballast losses and a lower thermal load. Electronic ballasts are used to run fluorescent lamps at high frequencies (approx. 35 - 40 kHz).

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:lampCompensationType — lamp compensation type top Data Properties ToC

Identifies the form of compensation used for power factor correction and radio suppression.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:legend — legend top Data Properties ToC

A text inscribed or applied to the switch as a legend to indicate purpose or function.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:manualOverride — manual override top Data Properties ToC

Identifies whether hand-operated operation is provided as an override (= TRUE) or not (= FALSE). Note that this value should be set to FALSE by default in the case of a Hand Operated Actuator.

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:mechanicalOperated — mechanical operated top Data Properties ToC

Indication whether the element is operated machanically (TRUE) or not, i.e. manually (FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:mediaSource — media source top Data Properties ToC

Indicates media sources and corresponding names of ports (DistributionPort with FlowDirection=SINK and PredefinedType=AUDIOVISUAL) or aggregated audio/video components (AudioVisualAppliance).

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:motorDriveType — motor drive type top Data Properties ToC

Motor drive type: DIRECTDRIVE: Direct drive. BELTDRIVE: Belt drive. COUPLING: Coupling. OTHER: Other type of motor drive. UNKNOWN: Unknown motor drive type.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:motorEnclosureType — motor enclosure type top Data Properties ToC

A list of the available types of motor enclosure from which that required may be selected.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:numberOfBlades — number of blades top Data Properties ToC

Number of blades.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfCells — number of cells top Data Properties ToC

Number of cells in one cooling tower unit.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfCircuits — number of circuits top Data Properties ToC

Number of parallel fluid tube circuits.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfGangs — number of gangs top Data Properties ToC

Number of gangs/buttons on this switch.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfPanels — number of panels top Data Properties ToC

Number of panels.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfRows — number of rows top Data Properties ToC

Number of tube rows in the tube bundle assembly.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOfSections — number of sections top Data Properties ToC

Number of sections used.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:numberOsSockets — number os sockets top Data Properties ToC

The number of sockets that may be connected. In case of inconsistency, sockets defined on ports take precedence.

has range
xsd:integer

s4bldg:operatingMode — operating mode top Data Properties ToC

Identifies the operating mode of the boiler.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:operation — operation top Data Properties ToC

The operational mechanism for the damper operation.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:orientation — orientation top Data Properties ToC

The intended orientation for the damper as specified by the manufacturer.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:patternType — pattern type top Data Properties ToC

Defines the types of pattern (or shape of a tank that may be specified.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:pipeConnectionEnum — pipe connection enum top Data Properties ToC

The manner in which the pipe connection is made to the cooled beam.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:placementType — placement type top Data Properties ToC

Indicates how the device is designed to be placed.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:powerSource — power source top Data Properties ToC

Type of power driving the compressor.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:readOutType — read out type top Data Properties ToC

Indication of the form that readout from the meter takes. In the case of a dial read out, this may comprise multiple dials that give a cumulative reading and/or a mechanical odometer.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:refrigerantClass — refrigerant class top Data Properties ToC

Refrigerant class used by the compressor. CFC: Chlorofluorocarbons. HCFC: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons. HFC: Hydrofluorocarbons.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:remoteReading — remote reading top Data Properties ToC

Indicates whether the meter has a connection for remote reading through connection of a communication device (set TRUE) or not (set FALSE).

has range
xsd:boolean

s4bldg:roughness — roughness top Data Properties ToC

A measure of the vertical deviations of the surface.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:secondaryCurrentType — secondary current type top Data Properties ToC

A list of the secondary current types that can result from transformer output.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:shadingDeviceType — shading device type top Data Properties ToC

Specifies the type of shading device.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:sprayType — spray type top Data Properties ToC

SprayFilled: Water is sprayed into airflow. SplashTypeFill: water cascades over successive rows of splash bars. FilmTypeFill: water flows in a thin layer over closely spaced sheets.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:standard — standard top Data Properties ToC

The designation of the standard applicable for the definition of the characteristics of the unit.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:storageType — storage type top Data Properties ToC

Defines the general material category intended to be stored.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:switchFunction — switch function top Data Properties ToC

Indicates types of switches which differs in functionality.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:temperatureClassification — temperature classification top Data Properties ToC

Enumeration defining the temperature classification of the space heater surface temperature. low temperature - surface temperature is relatively low, usually heated by hot water or electricity. high temperature - surface temperature is relatively high, usually heated by gas or steam.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:transformerVectorGroup — transformer vector group top Data Properties ToC

List of the possible vector groups for the transformer from which that required may be set. Values in the enumeration list follow a standard international code where the first letter describes how the primary windings are connected, the second letter describes how the secondary windings are connected, and the numbers describe the rotation of voltages and currents from the primary to the secondary side in multiples of 30 degrees. D: means that the windings are delta-connected. Y: means that the windings are star-connected. Z: means that the windings are zig-zag connected (a special start-connected providing low reactance of the transformer). The connectivity is only relevant for three-phase transformers.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:valveMechanism — valve mechanism top Data Properties ToC

The mechanism by which the valve function is achieved where: BALL: Valve that has a ported ball that can be turned relative to the body seat ports. BUTTERFLY: Valve in which a streamlined disc pivots about a diametric axis. CONFIGUREDGATE: Screwdown valve in which the closing gate is shaped in a configured manner to have a more precise control of pressure and flow change across the valve. GLAND: Valve with a tapered seating, in which a rotatable plug is retained by means of a gland and gland packing. GLOBE: Screwdown valve that has a spherical body. LUBRICATEDPLUG: Plug valve in which a lubricant is injected under pressure between the plug face and the body. NEEDLE: Valve for regulating the flow in or from a pipe, in which a slender cone moves along the axis of flow to close against a fixed conical seat. PARALLELSLIDE: Screwdown valve that has a machined plate that slides in formed grooves to form a seal. PLUG: Valve that has a ported plug that can be turned relative to the body seat ports. WEDGEGATE: Screwdown valve that has a wedge shaped plate fitting into tapered guides to form a seal.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:valveOperation — valve operation top Data Properties ToC

The method of valve operation where: DROPWEIGHT: A valve that is closed by the action of a weighted lever being released, the weight normally being prevented from dropping by being held by a wire, the closure normally being made by the action of heat on a fusible link in the wire FLOAT: A valve that is opened and closed by the action of a float that rises and falls with water level. The float may be a ball attached to a lever or other mechanism HYDRAULIC: A valve that is opened and closed by hydraulic actuation LEVER: A valve that is opened and closed by the action of a lever rotating the gate within the valve. LOCKSHIELD: A valve that requires the use of a special lockshield key for opening and closing, the operating mechanism being protected by a shroud during normal operation. MOTORIZED: A valve that is opened and closed by the action of an electric motor on an actuator PNEUMATIC: A valve that is opened and closed by pneumatic actuation SOLENOID: A valve that is normally held open by a magnetic field in a coil acting on the gate but that is closed immediately if the electrical current generating the magnetic field is removed. SPRING: A valve that is normally held in position by the pressure of a spring on a plate but that may be caused to open if the pressure of the fluid is sufficient to overcome the spring pressure. THERMOSTATIC: A valve in which the ports are opened or closed to maintain a required predetermined temperature. WHEEL: A valve that is opened and closed by the action of a wheel moving the gate within the valve.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:valvePattern — valve pattern top Data Properties ToC

The configuration of the ports of a valve according to either the linear route taken by a fluid flowing through the valve or by the number of ports where: SINGLEPORT: Valve that has a single entry port from the system that it serves, the exit port being to the surrounding environment. ANGLED_2_PORT: Valve in which the direction of flow is changed through 90 degrees. STRAIGHT_2_PORT: Valve in which the flow is straight through. STRAIGHT_3_PORT: Valve with three separate ports. CROSSOVER_4_PORT: Valve with 4 separate ports.

has range
xsd:string

s4bldg:waterFlowControlSystemType — water flow control system type top Data Properties ToC

Factory fitted waterflow control system.

has range
xsd:string

Named Individuals

s4bldg:airFlowRateMax — air flow rate range max top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum allowable air flow rate. Usually measured in m3/s.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:airFlowRateMin — air flow rate range min top Named Individuals ToC

Minimum allowable air flow rate. Usually measured in m3/s.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:ambientDesignDryBulbTemperature — ambient design dry bulb temperature top Named Individuals ToC

Ambient design dry bulb temperature used for selecting the cooling tower. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:ambientDesignWetBulbTemperature — ambient design wet bulb temperature top Named Individuals ToC

Ambient design wet bulb temperature used for selecting the cooling tower. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:apparentPowerMax — maximum apparent power top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum apparent power/capacity in VA (volt ampere). Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:audioVolume — audio volume top Named Individuals ToC

Indicates discrete audio volume levels and corresponding sound power offsets, if applicable. Missing values may be interpolated. Measured in watts.

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:basinReserveVolume — basin reserve volume top Named Individuals ToC

Volume between operating and overflow levels in cooling tower basin. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:bladeThickness — blade thickness top Named Individuals ToC

The thickness of the damper blade. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:bodyMass — body mass top Named Individuals ToC

Overall body mass of the heater. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

belongs to
saref:Property

s4bldg:capacityWeight — capacity weight top Named Individuals ToC

Capacity of the transport element measured by weight. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:closeOffRating — close off rating top Named Individuals ToC

Close off rating. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:coilLength — coil length top Named Individuals ToC

Length of coil. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:coilWidth — coil width top Named Individuals ToC

Width of coil. Usually measured in millimeters (mm

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saref:Property

s4bldg:colorTemperature — color temperature top Named Individuals ToC

The color temperature of any source of radiation is defined as the temperature (in Kelvin) of a black-body or Planckian radiator whose radiation has the same chromaticity as the source of radiation. Often the values are only approximate color temperatures as the black-body radiator cannot emit radiation of every chromaticity value. The color temperatures of the commonest artificial light sources range from less than 3000K (warm white) to 4000K (intermediate) and over 5000K (daylight). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:compressorSpeed — compressor speed top Named Individuals ToC

Compressor speed. Usually measured in cycles/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:connectionSize — connection size top Named Individuals ToC

The connection size of the to and from the pump. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:contributedLuminousFlux — contributed luminous flux top Named Individuals ToC

Luminous flux is a photometric measure of radiant flux, i.e. the volume of light emitted from a light source. Luminous flux is measured either for the interior as a whole or for a part of the interior (partial luminous flux for a solid angle). All other photometric parameters are derivatives of luminous flux. Luminous flux is measured in lumens (lm). The luminous flux is given as a nominal value for each lamp. Usually measured in Lumen (lm, Candela Steradian).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:coverLength — cover length top Named Individuals ToC

The length measured along the x-axis in the local coordinate system or the radius (in the case of a circular shape in plan) of the cover of the oil interceptor. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:coverWidth — cover width top Named Individuals ToC

The length measured along the x-axis in the local coordinate system of the cover of the oil interceptor. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:effectiveCapacity — effective capacity top Named Individuals ToC

The total effective or actual volumetric capacity of the tank. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).B3

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saref:Property

s4bldg:electricGeneratorEfficiency — electric generator efficiency top Named Individuals ToC

The ratio of output capacity to intake capacity.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:electricMotorEfficiency — electric motor efficiency top Named Individuals ToC

The ratio of output capacity to intake capacity.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:externalSurfaceArea — external surface area top Named Individuals ToC

External surface area (both primary and secondary area). Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:faceArea — face area top Named Individuals ToC

Face area open to the airstream. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:finalResistance — final resistance top Named Individuals ToC

Filter fluid resistance when replacement is required (i.e., Pressure drop at the maximum air flowrate across the filter when the filter needs replacement per ASHRAE Standard 52.1). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:firstCurvatureRadius — first curvature radius top Named Individuals ToC

FirstCurvatureRadius should be defined as the base or left side radius of curvature value. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:flowCoefficient — flow coefficient top Named Individuals ToC

Flow coefficient (the quantity of fluid that passes through a fully open valve at unit pressure drop), typically expressed as the Kv or Cv value for the valve.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:flowResistanceMax — flow resistance range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable range of frictional resistance against which the fluid is being pumped. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:flowResistanceMin — flow resistance range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable range of frictional resistance against which the fluid is being pumped. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:fluidFlowRateMax — fluid flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Possible range of fluid flowrate that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:fluidFlowRateMin — fluid flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Possible range of fluid flowrate that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:foulingFactor — fouling factor top Named Individuals ToC

Fouling factor of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in m2 Kelvin/Watt.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:frameDepth — frame depth top Named Individuals ToC

The length (or depth) of the damper frame. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:frameThickness — frame thickness top Named Individuals ToC

The thickness of the damper frame material. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:heatExchangeArea — heat exchange area top Named Individuals ToC

Heat exchange area. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:heatTransferSurfaceArea — heat transfer surface area top Named Individuals ToC

Total heat transfer area of the vessel. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:height — height top Named Individuals ToC

Height of the vibration isolator before tha application of load. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:horizontalSpacing — horizontal spacing top Named Individuals ToC

Horizontal spacing between tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:hydraulicDiameter — hydraulic diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Hydraulic diameter. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:idealCapacity — ideal capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Compressor capacity under ideal conditions. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:idealShaftPower — ideal shaft power top Named Individuals ToC

Compressor shaft power under ideal conditions. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:imaginaryImpedanceRatio — imaginary impedance ratio top Named Individuals ToC

The ratio between the imaginary part of the zero sequence impedance and the imaginary part of the positive impedance (i.e. imaginary part of the short-circuit voltage) of the transformer. Used for three-phase transformer which includes a N-conductor.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:impellerDiameter — impeller diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Diameter of compressor impeller - used to scale performance of geometrically similar compressors. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:inLineRowSpacing — in line row spacing top Named Individuals ToC

In-line tube row spacing. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:initialResistance — initial resistance top Named Individuals ToC

Initial new filter fluid resistance (i.e., pressure drop at the maximum air flowrate across the filter when the filter is new per ASHRAE Standard 52.1). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:inletConnectionSize — inlet connection size top Named Individuals ToC

Size of the inlet connection. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:insideDiameter — inside diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Actual inner diameter of the tube in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:internalRefrigerantVolume — internal refrigerant volume top Named Individuals ToC

Internal volume of evaporator (refrigerant side). Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:internalSurfaceArea — internal surface area top Named Individuals ToC

Internal surface area. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:internalWaterVolume — internal water volume top Named Individuals ToC

Internal volume of evaporator (water side). Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:isolatorCompressibility — isolator compressibility top Named Individuals ToC

The compressibility of the vibration isolator.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:isolatorStaticDeflection — isolator static deflection top Named Individuals ToC

Static deflection of the vibration isolator. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:lampMaintenanceFactor — lamp maintenance factor top Named Individuals ToC

Non recoverable losses of luminous flux of a lamp due to lamp depreciation i.e. the decreasing of light output of a luminaire due to aging and dirt.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:leakageFullyClosed — leakage fully closed top Named Individuals ToC

Leakage when fully closed. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:length — length top Named Individuals ToC

The finished length of the device. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:liftElevationDifference — lift elevation difference top Named Individuals ToC

Elevation difference between cooling tower sump and the top of the tower. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:lightEmitterNominalPower — light emitter nominal power top Named Individuals ToC

Light emitter nominal power. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:limitingTerminalSize — limiting terminal size top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum terminal size capacity of the device. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:lockedRotorCurrent — locked rotor current top Named Individuals ToC

Input current when a motor armature is energized but not rotating. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:netPositiveSuctionHead — net positive suction head top Named Individuals ToC

Minimum liquid pressure at the pump inlet to prevent cavitation. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalAirFlowRate — nominal air flow rate top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal rate of air flow. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalBodyDepth — nominal body depth top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal or quoted =length, measured along the z-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalBodyLength — nominal body length top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal or quoted length, measured along the x-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalBodyWidth — nominal body width top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal or quoted length, measured along the y-axis of the local coordinate system of the object, of the body of the object. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalCapacity — nominal capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalCondensingTemperature — nominal condensing temperature top Named Individuals ToC

Chiller condensing temperature. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalCoolingCapacity — nominal cooling capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal cooling capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalDepth — nominal depth top Named Individuals ToC

The nominal depth of the tank. Note: Not required for a horizontal cylindrical tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalDiameter — nominal diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal diameter or width of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalEfficiency — nominal efficiency top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal chiller efficiency under nominal conditions.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalEnergyConsumption — nominal energy consumption top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal fuel consumption rate required to produce the total boiler heat output. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalEvaporatingTemmperature — nominal evaporating temmperature top Named Individuals ToC

Chiller evaporating temperature.Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalFilterFaceVelocity — nominal filter face velocity top Named Individuals ToC

Filter face velocity. Usually measured in m/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalFlowRate — nominal flow rate top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal fluid flow rate through the filter. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalFrequency — nominal frequency top Named Individuals ToC

The nominal frequency of the supply. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalHeatRejectionRate — nominal heat rejection rate top Named Individuals ToC

Sum of the refrigeration effect and the heat equivalent of the power input to the compressor. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalHeatTransferArea — nominal heat transfer area top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal heat transfer surface area associated with nominal overall heat transfer coefficient. Usually measured in square metre (m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalHeatTransferCoefficient — nominal heat transfer coefficient top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal overall heat transfer coefficient associated with nominal heat transfer area. Usually measured in Watts/m2 Kelvin.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalHeatingCapacity — nominal heating capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal heating capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalLatentCapacity — nominal latent capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal latent capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalLengthOrDiameter — nominal length or diameter top Named Individuals ToC

The nominal length or, in the case of a vertical cylindrical tank, the nominal diameter of the tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalMediaSurfaceVelocity — nominal media surface velocity top Named Individuals ToC

Average fluid velocity at the media surface. Usually measured in m/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalMoistureGain — nominal moisture gain top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal rate of water vapor added into the airstream. Usually measured in kg/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalPartLoadRatio — nominal part load ratio top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable part load ratio range.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalParticleGeometricMeanDiameter — nominal particle geometric mean diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Particle geometric mean diameter associated with nominal efficiency. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalParticleGeometricStandardDeviation — nominal particle geometric standard deviation top Named Individuals ToC

Particle geometric standard deviation associated with nominal efficiency.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalPowerConsumption — nominal power consumption top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal total power consumption. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalPowerRate — nominal power rate top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal fan power rate.Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalPressureDrop — nominal pressure drop top Named Individuals ToC

Total pressure drop across the filter. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalReturnWaterTemperatureCooling — nominal return water temperature cooling top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal return water temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalReturnWaterTemperatureHeating — nominal return water temperature heating top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal return water temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalRotationSpeed — nominal rotation speed top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal fan wheel speed. Usually measured in cycles/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSensibleCapacity — nominal sensible capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal sensible capacity. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSorroundingHumidityCooling — nominal sorrounding humidity cooling top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal surrounding humidity (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSorroundingTemperatureCooling — nominal sorrounding temperature cooling top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal surrounding temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSorroundingTemperatureHeating — nominal sorrounding temperature heating top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal surrounding temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalStaticPressure — nominal static pressure top Named Individuals ToC

The static pressure within the air stream that the fan must overcome to insure designed circulation of air. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSupplyVoltage — nominal supply voltage top Named Individuals ToC

The nominal voltage of the supply. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSupplyVoltageMin — nominal supply voltage offset top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum and minimum allowed voltage of the supply e.g. boundaries of 380V/440V may be applied for a nominal voltage of 400V.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSupplyWaterTemperatureCooling — nominal supply water temperature cooling top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal supply water temperature (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalSupplyWaterTemperatureHeating — nominal supply water temperature heating top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal supply water temperature (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalTotalPressure — nominal total pressure top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal total pressure rise across the fan. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalUa — nominal ua top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal UA value.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalVolumetricCapacity — nominal volumetric capacity top Named Individuals ToC

The total nominal or design volumetric capacity of the tank. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalWaterFlowCooling — nominal water flow cooling top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal water flow (refers to nominal cooling capacity). Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalWaterFlowHeating — nominal water flow heating top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal water flow (refers to nominal heating capacity). Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nominalWidthOrDiameter — nominal width or diameter top Named Individuals ToC

The nominal width or, in the case of a horizontal cylindrical tank, the nominal diameter of the tank. Note: Not required for a vertical cylindrical tank. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:nomminalRotationSpeed — nomminal rotation speed top Named Individuals ToC

Pump rotational speed under nominal conditions. Usually measured in cycles/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:openPressureDrop — open pressure drop top Named Individuals ToC

Total pressure drop across damper. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:operatingWeight — operating weight top Named Individuals ToC

Operating weight of the tank including all of its contents. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:operationTemperatureMax — operation temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable operation ambient (air, fluid) temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:operationTemperatureMin — operation temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable operation ambient (air, fluid) temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:operationalRiterial — operational riterial top Named Individuals ToC

Time of operation at maximum operational ambient air temperature. Measured in seconds (s) or days (d) or other units of time.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:outletConnectionSize — outlet connection size top Named Individuals ToC

Size of the outlet connection. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:outletTemperatureMax — outlet temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable outlet temperature of either the water or the steam. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:outletTemperatureMin — outlet temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable outlet temperature of either the water or the steam. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:outputCapacity — output capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Total nominal heat output as listed by the manufacturer. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:outsideDiameter — outside diameter top Named Individuals ToC

Actual outside diameter of the tube in the tube bundle. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:partLoadRatioMax — maximum part load ratio top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum part load ratio as a fraction of nominal capacity.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:partLoadRatioMin — minimum part load ratio top Named Individuals ToC

Minimum part load ratio as a fraction of nominal capacity.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:powerOutputMax — maximum power output top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum output power rating of the engine. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:pressureRating — pressure rating top Named Individuals ToC

Nominal pressure rating of the boiler as rated by the agency having jurisdiction. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryAirFlowRateMax — primary air flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum primary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryAirFlowRateMin — primary air flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Minimum primary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in m3/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryApparentPower — primary apparent power top Named Individuals ToC

The power in VA (volt ampere) that has been transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryCurrent — primary current top Named Individuals ToC

The current that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryFrequency — primary frequency top Named Individuals ToC

The frequency that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:primaryVoltage — primary voltage top Named Individuals ToC

The voltage that is going to be transformed and that runs into the transformer on the primary side. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:pumpFlowRateMax — pump flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable range of volume of fluid being pumped against the resistance specified. Usually measured in kg/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:pumpFlowRateMin — pump flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable range of volume of fluid being pumped against the resistance specified. Usually measured in kg/s.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:realImpedanceRatio — real impedance ratio top Named Individuals ToC

The ratio between the real part of the zero sequence impedance and the real part of the positive impedance (i.e. real part of the short-circuit voltage) of the transformer. Used for three-phase transformer which includes a N-conductor.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondCurvatureRadius — second curvature radius top Named Individuals ToC

SecondCurvatureRadius should be defined as the top or right side radius of curvature value. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryAirFlowRateMax — secondary air flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum secondary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryAirFlowRateMin — secondary air flow rate range top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum secondary airflow that can be delivered. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryApparentPower — secondary apparent power top Named Individuals ToC

The power in VA (volt ampere) that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Watts (W, J/s).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryCurrent — secondary current top Named Individuals ToC

The current that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Ampere (A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryFrequency — secondary frequency top Named Individuals ToC

The frequency that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in cycles/s or Hertz (Hz).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:secondaryVoltage — secondary voltage top Named Individuals ToC

The voltage that has been transformed and is running out of the transformer on the secondary side. Usually measured in Volts (V, W/A).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:size — size top Named Individuals ToC

The size of the connection to the valve (or to each connection for faucets, mixing valves, etc.). Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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saref:Property

s4bldg:solarReflectance — solar reflectance top Named Individuals ToC

(Rsol): The ratio of incident solar radiation that is reflected by a shading system (also named _e). Note the following equation Asol + Rsol + Tsol = 1

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saref:Property

s4bldg:solarTransmittance — solar transmittance top Named Individuals ToC

(Tsol) The ratio of incident solar radiation that directly passes through a shading system (also named _e). Note the following equation Asol + Rsol + Tsol = 1

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saref:Property

s4bldg:spectrumMax — maximum spectrum top Named Individuals ToC

The spectrum of radiation describes its composition with regard to wavelength. Light, for example, as the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, is radiation with wavelengths in the range of approx. 380 to 780 nm (1 nm = 10 m). The corresponding range of colours varies from violet to indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. These colours form a continuous spectrum, in which the various spectral sectors merge into each other.

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saref:Property

s4bldg:spectrumMin — minimum spectrum top Named Individuals ToC

The spectrum of radiation describes its composition with regard to wavelength. Light, for example, as the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, is radiation with wavelengths in the range of approx. 380 to 780 nm (1 nm = 10 m). The corresponding range of colours varies from violet to indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. These colours form a continuous spectrum, in which the various spectral sectors merge into each other.

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s4bldg:staggeredRowSpacing — staggered row spacing top Named Individuals ToC

Staggered tube row spacing. Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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s4bldg:startCurrentFactor — start current factor top Named Individuals ToC

IEC. Start current factor defines how large the peek starting current will become on the engine. StartCurrentFactor is multiplied to NominalCurrent and we get the start current.

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s4bldg:startingTime — starting time top Named Individuals ToC

The time (in s) needed for the motor to reach its rated speed with its driven equipment attached, starting from standstill and at the nominal voltage applied at its terminals.

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s4bldg:supportedWeightMax — maximum supported weight top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum weight that can be carried by the vibration isolator. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

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s4bldg:teTime — te time top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum time (in s) at which the motor could run with locked rotor when the motor is used in an EX-environment. The time indicates that a protective device should trip before this time when the starting current of the motor is slowing through the device.

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s4bldg:temperatureRating — temperature rating top Named Individuals ToC

Temperature rating. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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s4bldg:testPressure — test pressure top Named Individuals ToC

The maximum pressure to which the valve has been subjected under test. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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s4bldg:thermalConductivity — thermal conductivity top Named Individuals ToC

Fouling factor of the tubes in the tube bundle. Usually measured in m2 Kelvin/Watt.

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s4bldg:thermalEfficiency — thermal efficiency top Named Individuals ToC

Overall Thermal Efficiency is defined as gross energy output of the heat transfer device divided by the energy input.

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s4bldg:thermalMassHeatCapacity — thermal mass heat capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Product of component mass and specific heat.

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s4bldg:thermalTransmittance — thermal transmittance top Named Individuals ToC

Rate at which energy is transmitted through a body. Usually measured in Watts/m2 Kelvin.

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s4bldg:ventilatingPipeSize — ventilating pipe size top Named Individuals ToC

Size of the ventilating pipe(s). Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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s4bldg:verticalSpacing — vertical spacing top Named Individuals ToC

Vertical spacing between tubes in the tube bundle.Usually measured in millimeters (mm).

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s4bldg:vibrationTransmissibility — vibration transmissibility top Named Individuals ToC

The vibration transmissibility percentage.

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s4bldg:visibleLightReflectance — visible light reflectance top Named Individuals ToC

Fraction of the visible light that is reflected by the glazing at normal incidence. It is a value without unit.

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s4bldg:visibleLightTransmittance — visible light transmittance top Named Individuals ToC

Fraction of the visible light that passes the shading system at normal incidence. It is a value without unit.

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s4bldg:volumen — volumen top Named Individuals ToC

Total volume of fluid in the tubes and their headers. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

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s4bldg:waterInletTemperatureMax — water inlet temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable water inlet temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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s4bldg:waterInletTemperatureMin — water inlet temperature range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable water inlet temperature range. Usually measured in degrees Kelvin (K).

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s4bldg:waterPressureMax — water pressure range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable water circuit working pressure range. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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s4bldg:waterPressureMin — water pressure range top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable water circuit working pressure range. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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s4bldg:waterRequirement — water requirement top Named Individuals ToC

Make-up water requirement. Usually measured in m3/s.

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s4bldg:waterStorageCapacity — water storage capacity top Named Individuals ToC

Water storage capacity. Usually measured in cubic metre (m3).

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s4bldg:weight — weight top Named Individuals ToC

The weight of the device. Usually measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

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s4bldg:workingPressure — working pressure top Named Individuals ToC

The normally expected maximum working pressure of the valve. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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s4bldg:workingPressureMax — maximum working pressure top Named Individuals ToC

Maximum working pressure. Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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s4bldg:workingPressureMin — minimum working pressure top Named Individuals ToC

Allowable minimum working pressure (relative to ambient pressure). Usually measured in Pascals (Pa, N/m2).

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References

Normative references

Informative references

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank the ETSI SmartM2M technical committee for providing guidance and expertise.

Also, many thanks to the ETSI staff and all other current and former active Participants of the ETSI SmartM2M group for their support, technical input and suggestions that led to improvements to this ontology.

Also, special thanks goes to the ETSI SmartM2M Technical Officer Guillemin Patrick for his help.